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1、摘要信访制度作为我国特有的政治制度，旨在为人民群众提供利益表达渠道，同时人民群众对行政机关及其工作人员的监督。信访制度实施以来一直加强发挥着政治参与、权利救济、纠纷化解三大功能，起着社会“安全阀”的作用。改革开放后，随着我国经济社会进入转型时期，社会转型带来利益的分化与纷争在农村社会引发了越来越多的农民上访。上个世纪九十年代，农民主要因为负担过重和乡村干部贪腐问题上访。农业税取消后，反映农民负担问题的上访减少，因山地、林权、邻里纠纷引发的农民上访大量增加，农村基层的信访治理形势日益严峻。为了实现基层信访的有效治理，应当在实践基础上不断完善民众
2、利益表达机制和人民代表大会制度，改革压力型考评体制和“乡财县管”财政体制，健全“农事村办”、“农情乡解”及乡级信访治理目标管理责任制，同时完善司法救济和矛盾纠纷多元调解机制，不仅仅是L乡的实践的独特结论，而且也是基层信访治理具有一定的普遍适用价值的路径选择。[关键词]：信访；信访制度；信访治理；乡镇政府1AbstractPetitionsystemisoneofChina'suniquepoliticalsystems,whichwasoriginallydesignedtoprovidechannelsfortheexpressionofi
3、nterestforthepeople,andalsotogivethemassesthepathtosuperviseadministrativeorgansandtheirstaff.Petitionsysteminthepasthasbeenplayingthreefunctions,thatis,politicalparticipation,therighttorelief,toresolvedisputesandhasmadeagreatcontributiontosocialsafety,especiallyin"bringing
4、orderoutofchaos"stageaftertheCulturalRevolutionButafterthereformandopeningup,withtheChina'srapideconomicdevelopment,thesocietyenteredatransitionperiod,alongwiththetransitionperiodisabenefitdifferentiationandcompetition,whichcausemorefarmerstopetitiontothegovernment.Inthenin
5、etiesofthelastcentury,farmerspetitiontothegovernmentbecauseofheavyburdenandvillageleaders’corruption.Aftertheabolitionofagriculturaltax,farmers’petitiondecreasedwiththereducingofburdenonpeasants.However,moreandmorefarmerspetitionbecauseofmountainandforestownershipdisputenei
6、ghborhooddisputes.InordertoimprovethePetitionsystemingrass-rootsgovernment,weneedtoimprovethePetitionmanagementsystem.Forexample,improvingtheVillagePeople'sCongresssystem,offeringfarmersmoresmoothchannelsfortheexpressionofinterest;renewinginteractionpetitionmediationmechani
7、smofcounty,townshipandvillage;establishing"farmingvillage"aswellastocarryouttheactivitiesof“theagriculturalsituation,Townshipsolution"toprovidemoreconvenientservicesplatformforfarmerstosolvetheproblem;continuousreformingthejudicialremedies,administrativereliefsystem,improvi
8、ngthejudicialmediationmechanismtoresolvelaw-relatedcasesinthejudicialsystem.Thisis
