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1、Session2语音与文字VowelsandConsonantsEnglish–12vowels8diphthongs2semi-vowels24consonantsChinese–10单韵母(vowels)13复韵母(diphthongs)15鼻韵母(vowels+nasalconsonants)22声母(consonants)VowelsandConsonantsEnglish–simplestructuremorelogicalstrictformsconception-centred,straightforw
2、ard,‘masculine’Chinese–greatervarietiesdifferentlevelsofvowelsrelativelylooseformsapperception-centred,beautified,‘feminine’ThingsCanBeComplex…English:differentcombinationsofletterstoformsyllables(phonemes)eg.son–sun,fir–fur,sea–see,knot–not,week–weak,tail–tale
3、,meddle–medalChinese:同音词,近音词,叠音词eg.音信-音讯,隐讳-隐晦,折中-折衷,统统-通通,异香-异乡,期中-期终IntonationsChineseisatonallanguage(声调语言).Dead.Killed?No.Yes!--ThomasFrancisWade(魏妥玛)Englishisanintonationallanguage(语调语言).FunctionsofC&EIntonations语调类型降调升调平调曲折调语调含义汉英汉英汉英汉英完整++------未完--++++-
4、+平叙++------疑惑--++----命令++------感叹++------含蓄------++肯定++------LinguisticFunctionsofChineseTones1.辨义功能(摊子,坛子,毯子,探子)2.构形功能(和气,一唱一和,好人,好客)3.分界功能(声调-声调,音节-音节)4.修辞功能(翻江倒海,高谈阔论,风平浪静,山青水秀)LinguisticFunctionsofEnglishIntonations1.Accentualfunction(nucleusplacement)2.Gra
5、mmaticalfunction(ambiguityelimination)3.Semanticfunction(negativeandquestions)4.Discoursefunction(conversationalprinciples)WhatabouttheForm?“…….我还斗胆设想,如果汉语的词像英语的词那样节奏不一,如male跟female(阳/阴)﹑heaven跟earth(天/地)﹑rational跟surd(有理数/无理数),汉语就不会有‘阴阳’﹑‘乾坤’之类影响深远的概念。--赵元任“受中
6、庸哲学思想的影响,中国人的美学观点中特别强调平衡美,除了极为频繁地使用对仗这一修辞格,还大量使用四字词组。--陈宏薇ExamplesAnalysis仕宦至将相,富贵归故乡。-欧阳修《相州锦堂记》仕宦而至将相,富贵而归故乡。ExamplesAnalysisAlltheponds,lakesandriverswerefrozenover,andtheroadswerecoveredwithslipperyiceordeepsnow.所有的水塘、湖和河都冻上了,路被滑冰和厚厚雪盖住了。Itwasin1957,notin19
7、58,thattheWuhanBridgewascompleted.武汉桥是1957年建成,而不是1958年。TheOlympicFlamesburnsthroughouttheGames.奥林匹克火在运动会期间一直点着。TheNileisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.尼罗河是世界最长河之一。ExamplesAnalysisPresidentHuJintao’sspeechattheopeningceremonyofthe9thFortuneGlobalForumPrimeMinis
8、terTonyBlair’sspeechonhisthirdtermofgovernmentExamplesAnalysisIbelieveboththeChineseandAmericansaspiretomanyofthesamethings:toprovideforourfamilies,toteachourchildren,tobuil