广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院高级英汉汉英口译

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1、Session8主动与被动Activevs.PassiveTheyarrivedatthesummitonthefifthday.Thefifthdaysawthematthesummit.(Halliday)Abehavioralpatternvs.ApsychologicalpatternWhatpeoplehavedonetotheworldvs.Whattheworldreflectsofpeople’sbehaviourActivevs.Passive一进房间他就闻到了一股浓烈的花香。一进房间一股浓烈的花香扑鼻而来。Psyc

2、hologicalprocessofapperceptionvs.TheroleoftherealworldonapperceptionActiveVoicevs.PassiveVoiceVoiceenablesustolookatactionsinasentencefromtwoperspectives,withoutanychangetothefact.(Quirk)eg.Thebutlermurderedthemaster.Themasterwasmurderedbythebutler.ActiveVoicevs.Passive

3、VoicePassive≠theoppositeofActive(J.Vendryes)∴Activevoiceemphasizestheactionitself.Passivevoiceemphasizestheconditionaftertheactionistaken.ActiveVoicevs.PassiveVoiceeg.Mybrotherbroketheteapot.(active,dynamic)Theteapotwasbrokenbymybrother.(passive,conditionoftheteapot)The

4、teapotwasbroken.(passive,condition)Theteapotisbroken.(passive,stative)Englishvs.ChineseEnglish:1)morevariationsofverbforms2)cleardivisionbetweenmanandnature3)distinctionbetweenbeingsubjectiveandobjective4)nostrongneedtoemphasize‘doer’Chinese:1)fewvariationsofverbforms2)

5、unityofmanandnature3)nocleardistinctionbetweenbeingsubjectiveandobjective4)alwaysemphasizes‘doer’ExamplesAnalysis:1.我生于北京，在广州参加工作。IwasborninBeijing,andjoinedtheworkforceinGuangzhou.IwasborninBeijing,andgotemployedinGuangzhou.2.老虎被他们打死了。老虎被打死了。老虎打死了。PassiveVoice:ACloserL

6、ook1.SyntacticPassive:passivevoiceintheformandstructureasbeing‘passive’2.NotionalPassivepassivevoicenotintheformandstructureasbeing‘passive’,butofferingapassivenotion(Jesperson)SyntacticPassive1.施动者方面的原因1）说不清施动者eg.TomwaskilledinWorldWar2.2）不必说出施动者eg.ChinafoughtagainstRu

7、ssiainthewomen’svolleyballmatchandRussiawasbeaten.3）不愿意说出施动者eg.Somerudecommentsontheplanweremadeattheboardmeeting.SyntacticPassive2.受动者方面的原因1）心理上的原因eg.MadameCurriewilllongberememberedasthediscovererofradium.2）信息结构上的原因eg.Unfortunately,thismessagewasnotputacrossbythespeak

8、er.SyntacticPassive3.修辞的需要subject,cohesion,etc.4.文体的需要science,journalism,business,etc.NotionalPassive1.由及物动词或系