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ID:18504991
大小:108.00 KB
页数:23页
时间:2018-09-18
《英语语言学笔记(戴伟栋)》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Chapter1 Whatislanguage?[A]TheoriginsoflanguageSomespeculationsoftheoriginsoflanguage:①ThedivinesourceThebasichypothesis:ifinfantswereallowedtogrowupwithouthearinganylanguage,thentheywouldspontaneouslybeginusingtheoriginalgod-givenlanguage.Actually,childrenlivingwithoutaccessto
2、humanspeechintheirearlyyearsgrowupwithnolanguageatall.②Thenatural-soundsourceThebow-wowtheory:thesuggestionisthatprimitivewordscouldhavebeenimitationsofthenaturalsoundswhichearlymenandwomenheardaroundthem.The“Yo-heave-ho”theory:thesoundsproducedbyhumanswhenexertingphysicaleffort
3、,especiallywhenco-operatingwithotherhumans,maybetheoriginsofspeechsounds.Onomatopoeicsounds③Theoral-gesturesourceItisclaimedthatoriginallyasetofphysicalgestureswasdevelopedasameansofcommunication.Thepatternsofmovementinarticulationwouldbethesameasgesturalmovement;hencewavingtong
4、uewoulddevelopfromwavinghand.④Glossogenetics(言语遗传学)Thisfocusesmainlyonthebiologicalbasisoftheformationanddevelopmentofhumanlanguage.PhysiologicaladaptationàdevelopnamingabilityàinteractionsandtransactionsPhysicaladaptation:Humanteethareuprightandroughlyeveninheight.Humanlipshave
5、intricatemuscleinterlacing,thusmakingthemveryflexible.Thehumanmouthissmallandcontainsaveryflexibletongue.Thehumanlarynxislowered,creatingalongercavitycalledthepharynx,andmakingiteasierforthehumantochokeonthepiecesoffood,butmakingthesoundspeechpossible.Thehumanbrainislateralized.
6、Thoseanalyticfunctions(tool-usingandlanguage)arelargelyconfinedtothelefthemisphereofthebrainformosthumans.Twomajorfunctionsoflanguage:Interactional:asocialfunctionoflanguage.Transactional:afunctioninvolvingthecommunicationofknowledgeandinformation[B]ThepropertiesoflanguageLangua
7、geisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.a)System:combinedtogetheraccordingtorulesb)Arbitrary:nointrinsicconnectionbetweentheword“pen”andthethingintheworldwhichitreferstoc)Vocal:theprimarymediumissoundforalllanguagesd)Human:languageishuman-specific(交际性与信息性)Com
8、municativevs.Informative:Communicative:intentio
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