《英语语言学教程》(戴伟栋+何兆熊编)

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1、新编简明英语语言学教程——新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材、普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材主编戴炜栋、何兆熊上海外语教育出版社781080402内容简介戴炜栋ProfessorDaiWeidong 简介上海外国语大学校长、国家教育部高校外语专业教学指导委员会主任委员、国务院学位委员会外语学科评议组组长。学术专长为：英语语言学、英语作为第二语言的教学、第二语言习得。何兆熊 简介上海外国语大学英语学院名誉院长、博士生导师，高校外语专业教学指导委员会委员兼英语组副组长，全国英语专业四、八级考试办公室主任。学术专长

2、为英语语用学。出版论著有《新编语用学概要》，参加编写的教材有：《简明英语语言学教程》、《新编英语教程》第5、6、7、8册，全国自学考试教材《现代语言学》和《新编简明英语语言学教程》等。 作者作品《语用学概要》《新编语用学概要》Chapter11.Languagecanbegenerallydefinedasasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.Languageisasystem.Systematic----rule-governed,elem

3、entsinitarearrangedaccordingtocertainrules;can’tbecombinedatwill.e.g.*bkli,*Iappleeat.Languageisarbitrary.Arbitrary----nointrinsicconnectionbetweenthewordandthethingitdenotes,e.g.“pen”byanyothernameisthethingweusetowritewith.Languageissymbolicinnature.Symbolic

4、----wordsareassociatedwithobjects,actionsideasbyconvention.“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”----Shakespeare2.Thedesign/definingfeaturesofhumanlanguage(CharlesHockett)⑴ArbitrarinessNological(motivatedorintrinsic)connectionbetweensoundsandmeanings①Onomatopo

5、eicwords(whichimitatenaturalsounds)aresomewhatmotivated(English:rumble,crackle,bang,….Chinese:putong,shasha,dingdang…)②Somecompoundwordsarenotentirelyarbitrary,e.g.type-writer,shoe-maker,air-conditioner,photocopy…⑵Productivity/CreativityPeculiartohumanlanguage

6、s，usersoflanguagecanunderstandandproducesentencestheyhaveneverheardbefore,e.g.wecanunderstandsentencelike“Ared-eyedelephantisdancingonthehotelbed”,thoughitdoesnotdescribeacommonhappeningintheworld.①Agibboncallsystemisnotproductiveforgibbondrawalltheircallsfrom

7、afixedrepertoirewhichisrapidlyexhausted,makinganynoveltyimpossible.②Thebeedancedoeshavealimitedproductivity,asitisusedtocommunicateaboutfoodsourcesinanydirection.Butfoodsourcesaretheonlykindofmessagesthatcanbesentthroughthebeedance;beesdonot“talk”aboutthemselv

8、es,thehives,orwind,letaloneaboutpeople,animals,hopesordesires17⑶Duality①Lowerlevel----sounds(meaningless)②Higherlevel----meaning(largerunitsofmeaning)③Acommunicationsystemwithduali