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ID:25438708
大小:257.04 KB
页数:37页
时间:2018-11-20
《戴伟栋 新编-简明英语-语言学教程笔记》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、``戴版语言学ChapterOne----IntroductionPartone----Whatislinguistics?1.Definition----linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.Scientificmeansitisbasedonthesystematicinvestigationoflinguisticdata,conductedwithreferencetosomegeneraltheoryoflanguagestructure.NoArtic
2、lebeforelanguageinthisdefinitionmeansthatlinguisticsstudieslanguageingeneral.Linguists’task:basicallystudyandunderstandthegeneralprinciplesuponwhichalllanguagesarebuilt.Interestoflinguistsis“whatissaid”2.ThescopesoflinguisticsGenerallinguistics----thestudyoflanguageasawhole-
3、----thecoreoflinguisticsPhonetics----thestudyofsoundsusedinlinguisticcommunication.Phonology----thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaningsincommunication.Morphology----thestudyofthewayinwhichthesymbolsarearrangedandcombinedtoformwords.Syntax-----thestudyoftheru
4、lesforsentenceformationSemantics-----thestudyofmeaning.Pragmatics----thestudyofmeaninginthecontextoflanguageuse.AbovearemadeupofthecoreoflinguisticsSociolinguistics-----thestudyofallsocialaspectsoflanguageanditsrelationwithsocietyfromthecoreofthebranch.Psycholinguistics-----
5、thestudyoflanguageprocessing,comprehendingandproduction,aswellaslanguageacquisition.Appliedlinguistics-----theapplicationoflinguistictheoriesandprinciplestolanguageteaching,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.3.Someimportantdistinctionsinlinguistics.(1)prescript
6、ivevs.descriptiveprescriptive----thelinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesfor“correctandstandard”behaviorinusinglanguage,i.e.totellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay.Descriptive----thelinguisticstudyaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse.Modernlinguistic
7、sismostlydescriptive.(2)Synchronicvs.diachronicSynchronic----thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeinhistory.Diachronic----thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtime----thehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime----anothername:historicallinguistics.Asynchro
8、nicapproachenjoyspriorityoveradiachronicone.(3)Speechvs.writingTwomajormedi
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