新编简明英语语言学教程戴伟栋版

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1、实用标准文案新编简明英语语言学教程戴伟栋版第1章导言本章要点：1.Thedefinitionandmainbranchesoflinguisticsstudy语言学的定义和研究范围2.ImportantdistinctioninLinguistic语言学的一些重要区分3.Thedefinitionandthedesignfeaturesoflanguage语言的定义和识别特征4.Functionoflanguage语言的功能本章考点：语言学考点：语言学的定义，语言学中几组重要的区别，每组两个概念的含义、区分及其意义；普通

2、语言学的主要分支及各自研究范畴；宏观语言及应用语言学的主要扥只及各自的研究范畴。语言的考点：语言的定义；语言的识别特征（任意性，能产性，二重性，移位性，文化传递性）；语言的功能1,Thedefinitionoflinguistics语言的定义：Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage(basedonthesystematicinvestigationoflinguisticdata,conductedwithreferencetogeneral

3、theoryoflanguagestructure)2.Thescopeoflinguistics语言学的范围A：micro-linguisticsPhonetics（语音学）:thestudyofthesoundsusedinlinguisticcommunication.Phonology（音系学）:thestudyofhowsoundsputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaningincommunication.(语音分布和排列的规则及音节的形式)Morphology（形态学）:thestudy

4、ofthewayinwhichthesymbolsarearrangedandcombinedtoformwords.Syntax（句法学）:thestudyofrulesinthecombinationofwordstoformgrammaticallypermissiblesentencesinlanguage.Semantics（语义学）:thestudyofmeaning.Pragmatics（语用学）:thestudyofthemeaninginthecontextoflanguageuse.B：macro-l

5、inguisticsSociolinguistics:thestudyofallsocialaspectsoflanguageanditsrelationwiththesocietyformthecoreofthebranch.Psycholinguistics:thestudyoflanguageanditsrelationwithpsychology.Appliedlinguistics:thestudyofapplicationoflanguagetothesolutionofpracticalproblems.N

6、arrowlyitistheapplicationoflinguistictheoriesandprinciplestolanguageteaching,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.3.Someimportantdistinctionsinlinguistics语言学中的重要区分精彩文档实用标准文案A:DescriptivevsPrescriptive描写式与规定式Descriptive:ifalinguisticstudyaimstodescribe

7、andanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse.Prescriptive:ifthelinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesfor“correctandstandard”behaviorinusinglanguage,i.e.totellpeoplewhatshouldtheysayandwhattheyshouldnotsay,itissaidtobePrescriptive.B:SynchronicvsDiachronic共时性和历时性Synchronic:th

8、edescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeinhistoryisasynchronicstudy.Diachronic:thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisadiachronicstudy.C:Speechvswrit