戴伟栋新编简明英语语言学教程笔记.doc

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1、.戴版语言学ChapterOne----IntroductionPartone----Whatislinguistics?1.Definition----linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.Scientificmeansitisbasedonthesystematicinvestigationoflinguisticdata,conductedwithreferencetosomegeneraltheoryoflanguagestructur

2、e.NoArticlebeforelanguageinthisdefinitionmeansthatlinguisticsstudieslanguageingeneral.Linguists’task:basicallystudyandunderstandthegeneralprinciplesuponwhichalllanguagesarebuilt.Interestoflinguistsis“whatissaid”2.ThescopesoflinguisticsGenerallinguistics----thestudy

3、oflanguageasawhole-----thecoreoflinguisticsPhonetics----thestudyofsoundsusedinlinguisticcommunication.Phonology----thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaningsincommunication.Morphology----thestudyofthewayinwhichthesymbolsarearrangedandcombinedtoformwor

4、ds.Syntax-----thestudyoftherulesforsentenceformationSemantics-----thestudyofmeaning.Pragmatics----thestudyofmeaninginthecontextoflanguageuse.AbovearemadeupofthecoreoflinguisticsSociolinguistics-----thestudyofallsocialaspectsoflanguageanditsrelationwithsocietyfromth

5、ecoreofthebranch.Psycholinguistics-----thestudyoflanguageprocessing,comprehendingandproduction,aswellaslanguageacquisition.Appliedlinguistics-----theapplicationoflinguistictheoriesandprinciplestolanguageteaching,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.3.So

6、meimportantdistinctionsinlinguistics.(1)prescriptivevs.descriptiveprescriptive----thelinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesfor“correctandstandard”behaviorinusinglanguage,i.e.totellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay.Descriptive----thelinguisticstudyaimstodesc

7、ribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse.Modernlinguisticsismostlydescriptive.(2)Synchronicvs.diachronicSynchronic----thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeinhistory.Diachronic----thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtime----thehistoricaldevelopmentofla

8、nguageoveraperiodoftime----anothername:..historicallinguistics.Asynchronicapproachenjoyspriorityoveradiachronicone.(3)Speechvs.writingTwomajormed