戴伟栋新编简明英语语言学教程笔记

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1、戴版语言学ChapterOne----IntroductionPartone----Whatislinguistics?1.Definition----linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.Scientificmeansitisbasedonthesystematicinvestigationoflinguisticdata,conductedwithreferencetosomegeneraltheoryoflanguagestructure

2、.NoArticlebeforelanguageinthisdefinitionmeansthatlinguisticsstudieslanguageingeneral.Linguists’task:basicallystudyandunderstandthegeneralprinciplesuponwhichalllanguagesarebuilt.Interestoflinguistsis“whatissaid”2.ThescopesoflinguisticsGenerallinguistics----thestudyo

3、flanguageasawhole-----thecoreoflinguisticsPhonetics----thestudyofsoundsusedinlinguisticcommunication.Phonology----thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaningsincommunication.Morphology----thestudyofthewayinwhichthesymbolsarearrangedandcombinedtoformword

4、s.Syntax-----thestudyoftherulesforsentenceformationSemantics-----thestudyofmeaning.Pragmatics----thestudyofmeaninginthecontextoflanguageuse.AbovearemadeupofthecoreoflinguisticsSociolinguistics-----thestudyofallsocialaspectsoflanguageanditsrelationwithsocietyfromthe

5、coreofthebranch.Psycholinguistics-----thestudyoflanguageprocessing,comprehendingandproduction,aswellaslanguageacquisition.Appliedlinguistics-----theapplicationoflinguistictheoriesandprinciplestolanguageteaching,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.3.Som

6、eimportantdistinctionsinlinguistics.(1)prescriptivevs.descriptiveprescriptive----thelinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesfor“correctandstandard”behaviorinusinglanguage,i.e.totellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay.Descriptive----thelinguisticstudyaimstodescr

7、ibeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse.Modernlinguisticsismostlydescriptive.(2)Synchronicvs.diachronicSynchronic----thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeinhistory.Diachronic----thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtime----thehistoricaldevelopmentoflan

8、guageoveraperiodoftime----anothername:historicallinguistics.Asynchronicapproachenjoyspriorityoveradiachronicone.(3)Speechvs.writingTwomajormediao