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1、Hypertension高血压病WhatIsHypertension?Hypertension(HTN)isachronicmedicalconditioninwhichthebloodpressureinthearteriesiselevated(提高的).Highbloodpressureisoftencalleda"silentkiller"becausemanypeoplehaveitbutdon'tknowit.Overtime,peoplewhodonotgettreatedforhighbloodpressurecangetve
2、rysickorevendie.DiagnosisBloodpressure:Bloodpressurereadingsareusuallygivenastwonumbers--Thetopnumberiscalledthesystolicbloodpressure,andthebottomnumberiscalledthediastolicbloodpressure.Height,weightandwaist(腰围):Thewiderthewaistis,theshorteryourlifeisCardiopulmonaryexaminat
3、ion(心肺检查)andneurologicalexamination(神经系统检查):toknowwhetheryouhavethecardiovascularcomplications(心脑血管并发症)Urineroutine(尿常规):Ifthereisanemia(贫血),hematuria(血尿),itshouldbeconsideredasrenalhypertensionorhypertensionleadstosevererenaldamage.Bloodbiochemical(血生化):Lowserumpotassium(低
4、血钾)mayleadtosecondaryhypertensionElectrocardiogramECG(心电图):knowwhetherhypertensionleadstoCardiachypertrophy(心肌肥厚),arrhythmia(心律失常)pressure.Retinopathy(视网膜病变)DiagnosisHypertensionEssentialHypertension原发性高血压（高血压病）90–95%SecondaryHypertension继发性高血压5–10%①primaryoressentialhypert
5、ension:highbloodpressurewithnoobviousunderlying(潜在的,根本的)medicalcause.②SecondaryHypertension:Highbloodpressurethatiscausedbyanothermedicalcondition(医疗条件)ormedication(药物)thataffectthekidneys,arteries,heartorendocrinesystem.PrimaryorEssentialHypertensionBenignHypertension(Chro
6、nicHypertension)良性/缓进性高血压MalignantHypertension(AcceleratedHypertension)恶性/急进性高血压ClassificationOfHypertensionPathologicalChanges(病变)HypertensionSymptomsLeftventricleinhypertensiveheartdisease.Primarygranular([ˈgrænjələ],颗粒状的)atrophy([ˈætrəfi:],萎缩)ofthekidney（原发性颗粒性固缩肾）Arteri
7、olar([ɑ:ˌtiəriˈəulə],小动脉的)nephrosclerosis([ˌnefrəˌskliəˈrəusis])（细动脉性肾硬化）hypertensivecerebralhemorrhage（高血压病脑出血）Hypertensiveretinopathy([retinˈɔpəθi],视网膜病变)Complications(并发症)Whenbloodpressureisnotwellcontrolled,youareatriskfor:Bleedingfromtheaorta([eɪˈɔ:tə],主动脉出血),thelargeb
8、loodvesselthatsuppliesbloodtotheabdomen([æbˈdəʊmən]),pelvis([ˈpelvɪs]),andlegs(给腹部
