semantics语义学练习

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1、Semantics（语义学）练习I.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven.1.Semantics,oneofthelinguisticbranches,canbesimplydefinedasthestudyofmeaning.2.Reflectedmeaningreferstowhatiscommunicatedthroughassociationwithanothersenseofthesameexpression.3.Contextualism

2、meansthatonecanderivemeaningfromobservablecontextswhichincludesituationalcontextandthelinguisticcontext.4.SemantictriangleisatheoryproposedbyOgdenandRichardsinTheMeaningofMeaning,whicharguesthattherelationbetweenawordandathingitreferstoisnotdirect.Itismediatedbyconcept.5.Synonym

3、yreferstothesamenessorclosesimilarityofmeaning.6.Hyponymyisamatterofclassmembership.Theupperterminthissenserelation,i.e.theclassname,iscalledsuperordinate,andthelowertermthemembers,hyponyms.7.Componentialanalysisisawayproposedbythestructuralsemanticiststoanalyzemeaning.8.Antonym

4、scanbecategorizedintothreetypes,namelygradableantonyms,complementaryantonyms,andconverseantonymsorrelationalopposites.9.Senseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.Theyaretworelatedbutdifferentaspectsofmeaning.10.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyzesentencemean

5、ing.II.1.“CanIborrowyourbike?”_________“Youhaveabike.”A.issynonymouswithB.isinconsistentwithC.entailsD.presupposes2.__________isawayinwhichthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeature.A.PredicationanalysisB.ComponentialanalysisC.PhonemicanalysisD.Gr

6、ammaticalanalysis3.RelationbetweenpropositionbywhichApresupposesB,ifforAtohaveatruthvalue,Bmustbetrueiscalled__________.A.presuppositionB.entailmentC.contradictionD.synonymy4._____________dealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.A.

7、ReferenceB.ConceptC.SemanticsD.Sense5.Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalled__________.A.homonymsB.polysemyC.hyponymsD.synonyms6.Therelationshipbetween“XbuyssomethingfromY.”and“YsellssomethingtoX.”is___________.A.complementaryantonymyB.converseantonymyC.hyponymyD.gradableantonymy7.

8、Therelationshipbetween“furniture”and“desk”is___