stephen krashen's theory of second language acquisition史蒂芬krashen的第二语言习得理论

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1、THENATURALAPPROACHStephenKrashen'sTheoryofSecondLanguageAcquisition"Languageacquisitiondoesnotrequireextensiveuseofconsciousgrammaticalrules,anddoesnotrequiretediousdrill.""Acquisitionrequiresmeaningfulinteractioninthetargetlanguage–naturalcommunication-inwhichspeakersareconce

2、rnednotwiththeformoftheirutterancesbutwiththemessagestheyareconveyingandunderstanding.""Thebestmethodsarethereforethosethatsupply'comprehensibleinput'inlowanxietysituations,containingmessagesthatstudentsreallywanttohear.Thesemethodsdonotforceearlyproductioninthesecondlanguage,

3、butallowstudentstoproducewhentheyare'ready',recognizingthatimprovementcomesfromsupplyingcommunicativeandcomprehensibleinput,andnotfromforcingandcorrectingproduction.""Intherealworld,conversationswithsympatheticnativespeakerswhoarewillingtohelptheacquirerunderstandareveryhelpfu

4、l."IntroductionStephenKrashen(UniversityofSouthernCalifornia)isanexpertinthefieldoflinguistics,specializingintheoriesoflanguageacquisitionanddevelopment.Muchofhisrecentresearchhasinvolvedthestudyofnon-Englishandbilinguallanguageacquisition.Duringthepast20years,hehaspublishedwe

5、llover100booksandarticlesandhasbeeninvitedtodeliverover300lecturesatuniversitiesthroughouttheUnitedStatesandCanada.ThisisabriefdescriptionofKrashen'swidelyknownandwellacceptedtheoryofsecondlanguageacquisition,whichhashadalargeimpactinallareasofsecondlanguageresearchandteaching

6、sincethe1980s.TheNaturalApproach(NA)isaproductofStephenKrashen,anappliedlinguistattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaandTracyTerrell,ateacherofSpanishinCalifornia.Krashen'sworkonsecondlanguageacquisitionandTerrell'steachingexperiencesformthebasesoftheNaturalApproach.Theprinciple

7、sandpracticesofthisnewapproachhavebeenpublishedin"TheNaturalApproach"(KrashenandTerrell,1983).ThebookcontainstheoreticalsectionspreparedbyKrashenandsectionsonimplementationandclassroomprocedurespreparedmostlybyTerrell.ThemoststrikingproposaloftheNAtheoryisthatadultscanstillacq

8、uiresecondlanguagesandthattheabilityto'pickup'languagesdoesno