26. a human right to democracy 27. the content of the human right to health

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1、26A HumanRighttoDemocracy?Fabienne PeterI.IntroductionThereissomethingcounterintuitiveaboutimposingdemocracyonpeoples.1Intherecentdebateinpoliticalandlegalphilosophy,manyhavearguedagainstthehumanrighttodemocracy,oftenongroundsofitsconflictwithanotherright,therighttoself-

2、determination.2Thethoughtisthatthehumanrighttoself-determination,whichallowspeoplestochoosetheirownconstitutionanddevelopment,wouldbeunder-minedbythehumanrighttodemocracy,whichrequiresaspecificconstitutionandthusrestrictsdevelopmentalchoices.ThomasChristiano,inhiscontrib

3、utiontothisvolume(“Self-determinationandtheHumanRighttoDemocracy”,thisvolume,chapter25;allsubsequentreferencestoch.25appearparentheticallyinthetext),challengesthislineofthought.Hearguesthat,prop-erlyunderstood,therighttoself-determinationpresupposestherighttodemocracy.Ch

4、ristiano’sargumentreversestheorderofprioritybetweenthetworights.Heaimstoshowthattherighttodemocracyhaspriorityovertherighttoself-determination.Buthealsowantstoarguethataffirmingthepriorityofdemocracyneednotimplyreservingtherighttoself-determinationtodemocraticpeoples.The

5、innovativecoreofhispaperconsistsinhisproposalforhowtherighttodemocracycanbemadecompatiblewiththerighttoself-determinationevenforpeoplesthatarenotdemocratic.Christiano’sargumentinvolvesthefollowingmainsteps.Hefirstdefendsthehumanrighttodemocracy,bothoninstrumentalandonint

6、rinsicgrounds.Hethenmovesontotherighttoself-determinationandoffersaninterpretationofthisrightasgroundedintheprotectionofthesameinterestsastherighttodemocracy.Thisstepaimstoestablishthatthereisnonecessaryconflictbetweenthetworights.3Thefinalstepoftheargumentcoversthecaseo

7、ftherighttoself-determinationofundemo-craticstates.Christianohandlesthisthroughtheintroductionofapowertowaivetherighttodemocracy.Hewrites: “itmakessensetothinkthatthereisapowerto1I greatlybenefittedfromaseriesofworkshopsonhumanrightsthatRowanCruftandothersorgan-izedatthe

8、UniversityofStirling.I’malsoverygratefulforcommentsI’vereceivedfromTomChristianoandMassimo Renzo.2Seeeg