资源描述：
《21. freedom of religion in a secular world-22. religious liberty conceived as a human right》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、21FreedomofReligioninaSecular WorldLorenzo ZuccaI.IntroductionInFebruary313,now1,700 yearsago,theEmperorConstantinesignedtheedictofMilan,thatputanendtothepersecutionofChristiansintheEmpire.Itwasthefirstofficialproclamationoffreedomofreligion.Tobemoreprecise,sinceConstantinewashimselfC
2、hristian,andactivelypromotedtherespectoftheChristianreligionintheEmpire,itcametoberegardedastheunionbetweenpowerandreligion.Religion,thatisChristianreligion,wasnotonlyfreeintheEmpirebutcametodominatethewholemoralandpoliticalspace.Oneparadoxicaleffectwasthedenialofreligiousfreedomfordi
3、ssenters.Thispavedthewayforreligiousschisms,andinfactpromotedbrutalconfrontationsbetweenChristians.ManyChristianspersecutedbytheirfellowbrothersleftEuropetoestablishapolitywithagreaterfreedomfordifferingreligiousviews.Thosewhoremaineddecidedtograduallydistancethemselvesfromanunder-sta
4、ndingofreligiontoodeeplyinvolvedinpolitics.Themodernsecularstatewasbornoutofthenecessityofcreatingadistancebetweenpowerandreligion.Theobviousriskthatreligiouspeoplerunistobepersecutedagainbythesecularstate.Therighttofreedomofreligionisalocalresponseagainstthepossibilityofnewpersecutio
5、n.ThehumanrighttofreedomofreligionisinterpretedinradicallydifferentwaysintheWest.Someinsistthatreligiouspeopleshouldbeprotectedfromexternalinterfer-ences,otherinsistthatnon-religiouspeopleshouldbeprotectedfromtheinterferenceofreligioninpublicaffairs.Perhapstheproblemisthatitisimpossib
6、letoaccuratelydefinethehumanrighttofreedomofreligion(HRFR).Thehumanrighttofreedomofreligionfeaturesinmostinternationalhumanrightsdocuments.TheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights(UDHR),forexample,encapsulatesitinArticle18.ThequestionhereisnotwhethertheHRFRisrecognizedassuch,butratherwhat
7、itsstatusisinaninternationalsystemofhumanrights.TheHRFR,moreimportantly,isnotequallyrecognizedinwesternsecularstates.Someconstitutionsgiveitaprominentplace(theUnitedStates),othersaverylimitedposition: theFrenchDeclarationoftheRightsofManandoftheCitizen(DRMC),forexample,containsaveryli
8、mited
