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1、HUMANLIBERTYANDFREEDOMOFSPEECHThispageintentionallyleftblankHUMANLIBERTYANDFREEDOMOFSPEECHC.EdwinBakerNewYorkOxfordOOxfordUniversityPressOxfordUniversityPressOxfordNewYorkTorontoDelhiBombayCalcuttaMadrasKarachiPetalingJayaSingaporeHongKongTokyoNairobiDaresSalaamCapeTownMelbourne
2、AucklandandassociatedcompaniesinBerlinIbadanCopyright©1989byOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.Firstpublishedin1989byOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.,200MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016FirstissuedasanOxfordUniversityPressPaperback,1992OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressAllrig
3、htsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataBaker,C.Edwin.H
4、umanlibertyandfreedomofspeech/C.EdwinBaker.p.cm.Bibliography:p.Includesindex.ISBN0-19-505777-5ISBN0-19-507902-7(PBK)1.Freedomofspeech—UnitedStates.I.Title.KF4772.B351989342.73'0853—dc19[347.302853]987654321PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaper.FormyparentsERNESTINEMA
5、GAGNABAKERandFALCONOLEROBAKERThispageintentionallyleftblankPrefaceInthefourthgrade,whenmyparentssuggestedthatIjointheminconvertingtotheEpiscopalChurch,IinvokedtheFirstAmendmentindefenseofmyrighttoremainaSouthernBaptist.(NotuntilmuchlaterdidIlearnthattheFirstAmendmentonlylimitedg
6、overnment,notparents.)Thatepisodebeganthegen-esisofthisbook.InasegregatedKentuckypublichighschoolwherestudentswerepunishedforwritingaletterinsupportofboysatanothersouthernschoolwhoworelonghair,IwrotemymaintenthgradepaperdefendingtheSupremeCourt'sdesegregationdecisionsandarguingf
7、orfreedomofspeech.Ihadfound,read,andbeentotallypersuadedbyJohnStuartMill'sOnLiberty.CollegestudyofmoderntheoristssuchasFreud,Marx,andManneheimandofpsychologicalnotionssuchascognitivedissonanceandprocessesofselectiveobservationandretentionunderminedmyintellectualconfidenceinMill'
8、sthe-ory.Atthesametime,observationsoftheirratio