完全版英语词汇学名词解释.doc

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1、第一章word1.Word---Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfuntion.第三章formation11.Morpheme---Amorphemeisthesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwords.2.Allomorph---Somemorphemesarerealizedbymorethanonemorphaccordingtotheirpositioninaw

2、ord.Suchalternativemorphsareknowasallomorphs.3.Freemorphemes(Freeroot)---Theyaremorphemeswhichareindependentofothermorphemes.4.BoundMorphemes---Theyaremorphemeswhichcannotoccurasseparatewords.5.Boundroot---Aboundrootisthatpartofthewordthatcarriesthefundamentalmeaningju

3、stlikeafreeroot.Unlikeafreeroot,itisaboundformandhastocombinewithothermorphemestomakewords.6.Affixes---Affixesareformsthatareattachedtowordsorwordelementstomodifymeaningorfunction.7.Inflectionalaffixes---Affixesattachestotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsa

4、reknownasinflectionalmorphemes.8.Derivationalaffixes---Derivationalaffixesareaffixesaddedtoothermorphemestocreatenewwords.9.Prefixes---Prefixesareaffixesthatcomebeforetheword.10.Suffixes---suffixesareaffixesthatcomeaftertheword.11.Root---Arootisthebasicformofawordwhich

5、cannotbefurtheranalysedwithouttotallossofidentity.12.Stem---astemcanbedefinedasaformtowhichaffixesofanykindcanbeadded.第四章formation21.Affixation---affixationisgenerallydefinedastheformationofwordsbyaddingword-formingorderivationalaffixestostems.2.Prefixation---istheform

6、ationofnewwordsbyaddingprefixestostems.Suffixation---istheformationofnewwordsbyaddingsuffixestostems.3.Compounding（Compositon）--istheformationofnewwordsbyjoiningtwoormorestems.4.Conversion--istheformationofnewwordsbyconvertingwordsofoneclasstoanotherclass.5.Blending--i

7、stheformationofnewwordsbycombinedbypartsoftwowordsorawordplusaplusapartofanotherword.6.Clipping-istheformationofnewwordsbyshorteningalongerwordbycuttingapartofftheoriginalandusingwhatremaininstead.7.Acronymy--istheprocessofformingnewwordsbyjoiningtheinitiallettersofnam

8、esofsocialandpoliticalorganizationsorspecialnounphrasesandtechnicalterms.8.Back-formation--isaprocessofword-formation