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ID:47573017
大小:260.50 KB
页数:36页
时间:2020-01-16
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1、※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※第一章绪论1/Whatislinguistics?什么是语言学?Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.Itstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage,butlanguagesingeneral.2/Thescopeoflinguistics语言学的研究范畴Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledge
2、nerallinguistics.(普通语言学)Thestudyofsounds,whichareusedinlinguisticcommunication,iscalledphonetics.(语音学)Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.(音系学)Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsarecalledmorphology.(形态学)
3、Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax.(句法学)Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.(语义学)Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.(语用学)Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalledsocio-linguistics.(社会语言学)Thest
4、udyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingofmindiscalledpsycho-linguistics.(心理语言学)Thestudyofapplications(astherecoveryofspeechability)isgenerallyknownasappliedlinguistics.(应用语言学)Butinanarrowsense,appliedlinguisticsreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandth
5、eoriestolanguageteachingandlearning,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguage.Otherrelatedbranchesincludeanthropologicallinguistics,(人类语言学)neurologicallinguistics,(神经语言学)mathematicallinguistics,(数字语言学)andcomputationallinguistics.(计算机语言学)3/Someimportantd
6、istinctionsinlinguistics语言学研究中的几对基本概念Prescriptiveanddescriptive规定与描写Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobedescriptive,ifitaimstolaydownrulestotellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay,itissaidtobeprescriptive.
7、最新范本,供参考!Modernlinguisticsdiffersfromtraditionalgrammar.Traditionalgrammarisprescriptivewhilemodernlinguisticsisdescriptive.Thetaskoflinguistsissupposedtodescribethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,whetheritis“correct”ornot.Synchronicanddiachronic共时和历时Thedescription
8、ofalanguageatsomepointintimeisasynchronicstudy;thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisadiachronicstudy.Inmodernlinguistics,synchronicstudyismoreimportant.Speechandwriting口头语与书面语
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