自考英语 现代语言学概念

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1、1.Linguistics:Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.2.Phonology:Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.3.Syntax:Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax..4.Semantics:Thestudyofmeaninginlan

2、guageiscalledsemantics.5.Pragmatics:Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.6.Psycholinguistics:Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingsofmindiscalledpsycholinguistics.7.Language:Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.8.Phonetics:Thes

3、tudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticcommunicationiscalledphonetics.9.Morphology:Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.10.Sociolinguistics:Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalledsociolinguistics,.11.Appliedlinguistics:Inanarrowsense

4、,appliedlinguisticsreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.Inabroadsense,itreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticfindingstothesolutionofpracticalproblemssuchastherecoveryofspeechability

5、.1.arbitrariness:Itisoneofthedesignfeaturesoflanguage.Itmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds2.Productivity:Languageisproductiveorcreativeinthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.3.Displacement:Displacementmeansthatla

6、nguagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhicharepresentornotpresent,realorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfar-awayplaces.Inotherwords,languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker4.Duality:Thedualitynatureoflanguagemeansthatlanguageisasy

7、stem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructure,ortwolevels,oneofsoundsandtheotherofmeanings.5.Designfeatures:Designfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication1.Competence:Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser'sknowledgeofth

8、erulesofhislanguage。2.Performance:performanceistheactualrealizationofthekno