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1、外文翻译原文TourismSMMEDevelopmentontheUrbanFringe:TheCaseofParys,SouthAfricaSource:SpringerLinkwriter：IrmaBooyensandGustavVisserAbstract：Tourismisincreasinglyregardedasaviableavenueforlocaleconomicdevelopment.SmalltownsontheurbanfringehavebenefittedfromtourismdevelopmentinS
2、outhAfrica,thetownofParysbeingoneofthem.Paryshasexperiencedtourismdevelopmentoverthepastfewyearswhichhasresultedinlocaleconomicgrowth,asespeciallyreflectedinthetradeindustry,amidstthedeclineofsectorssuchasmanufacturingandmining.Thestudyfocussesonthefactorsthatgaveriset
3、othedevelopmentoftourisminthistown,aswellasonopportunitiesandbarrierstofurtherdevelopment.Aprofileoftourism,small,mediumandmicroenterprises,isprovidedalongwithothermainfindingsregardingthenatureofthetourismindustryintheareawhichincludestheuniquesellingpointsofthearea,v
4、isitorcharacteristics,demandandtargetmarketsegments.Strategicdevelopmentinitiatives,inthelightofthefindings,recommendforthefuturedevelopmentofthetourismindustryintheareatoincludetourismproductdevelopmentfocussedonattractions;theidentificationofkeymarketsegmentssuchasbu
5、dgettouristsandthefamilymarket;destinationandproductmarketing;investmentintourisminfrastructureandensuringtheresponsiblemanagementoftourismdevelopmentinthearea.KeywordsParys.FreeState.SMME.SouthAfrica.Tourism.UrbanfringeIntroductionGlobally,ruralandsmalltownplacesareex
6、periencingrapidchangeonanumberoffronts(HalsethandMeiklejohn2009:293).Thesechangesareassociatedwiththerestructuringoftheprimaryeconomicfunctionsofthesesettlementsassociatedwiththeshiftfromproductivisttopost-productivistcountrysides(Argent2002;WilsonandRigg2003).Similarc
7、hangeshaveoccurredinSouthAfrica(Hoogendoornetal.2009),withruralsettlementsundergoingtremendoussocio-spatial,politicalandeconomicchange,asaresultofthedemiseofapartheideraprotectionismleadingtotheopeningupoftheruralandmanufacturingeconomytointernationalinfluencesand10com
8、petition(Donaldson2007:307).WhileSouthAfrica’smetropolitanareasareincreasinglypositioningthemselvestobecomegloballyco
