英语国家概况,课件(三)chapter2 history (2)

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1、ChapterIIHistory2.2TransitiontotheModernAge(EnglandundertheTudor)2.2.1ReligiousReformation1.ReasonRootReason:v(1)TheseriouscorruptionintheChurch.----TheChurchwashinderingthesocialandpoliticalprogressofEngland.v(2)ConflictbetweentheRomanCatholicChurchandtheKingofEngland.ImmediateCause:vKingHenryV

2、IIIattemptedtodivorcehiswife,CatherineofAragon.2.Process(1)HenryVIII(1509-1547)vHecarriedoutawholesalesuppression(镇压)ofthemonasteriesandconfiscatedthepropertyoftheChurch.vIn1534,heissuedtheActofSupremacy(最高治权法案)----declaredhimselfthe“onlysupremeheadofthechurchofEngland.”(2)EdwardVI(1547-1553):Pr

3、otestant(3)MaryI(1553-1558):Catholics(4)ElizabethI(1558-1603)MaryI(1553-1558)vShewasafirmbelieverofCatholicism.vShere-establishedCatholicism.vShemarriedaSpanishking.vDuringherreign,shepersecutednearly300famousProtestants.vForthat,sheearnedaname“BloodyMary”（血腥玛丽）.3.ResultsvReligiously:Protestanti

4、smwasoverCatholicisminEngland.vEconomically:New-bornbourgeoisiewonoverthefeudalists.vPolitically:TheTudor’sreignwasconsolidatedbythepowerofthesovereign.2.2.2TheCivilWar---TheBourgeoisRevolution1.ReasonvCharlesIgrantedmonopolies(垄断)oncertaincommoditiestohisfavorites.vConflictbetweenKingCharlesIan

5、dtheParliament(1625-1649).ThekingdissolvedtheParliamenttwice.2.ProcessvIn1642,thewarbrokeoutbetweenRoyalists(Cavaliers保王党人)andRoundheads(圆颅党人)vIn1645,OliverCromwell,aPuritanandanaturalmilitarygenius,becametheleaderoftheparliamentaryforcesandorganizedtheNewModelArmy(新模范军),whichfoughtbravelyagains

6、ttheKing’sarmy.3.ResultsvIn1646,CharlesIsurrenderedandwasexecutedin1649.vThemonarchywasabolishedandEnglandwasdeclaredaCommonwealthandgovernedasarepublicinMay,1649.vCromwellbecametheheadoftheCommonwealth(1649-1660).OliverCromwellvHewasconservativeinsocialreformsandwascommittedtoprotectingtheinter

7、estsofthepropertyowners.vHenamedhimselfLordProtector(1653-1658)(护国公).vAfterhisdeathof1658,hissonsucceededthetitleuntil1660whenParliamentdecidedtorestoreCharlesIItothethroneofEngland.v1.RestorationoftheStuartsv2.TheGloriousRe