英语国家概况,课件(八)chapter 2(1)

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1、Chpater2BritishHistory2.1TheFoundingoftheNation(I)¡2.1.1¡Celticpeople¡2.1.1RomanBritain¡2.1.2Anglo-SaxonTimes¡2.1.3DanishInvasion¡2.1.4NormanConquest2.1.1RomanBritain(55BC---410)Procedures:¡55and54BC,JuliusCaesar(凯撒)withRomantroopsinvadedBritaintwicewithouttherealoccupation.¡43

2、AD,ClaudiusI(克劳狄一世)invadedagainandBritainbecameaRomanprovince(行省)untiltheearly5thcentury.¡ManyofthenativeCeltsweredriventothemountainousregionofScotlandandWales.¡410,Romantroopswithdrewtodefendtheirownnation.RomanoccupationofBritainlastedabout400years.Influences:Romanroadsarebu

3、iltallacrossBritain.Manyoftheirarmybasesarenowimportantcities.2.1.2Anglo-SaxonTimes(5th-9thcentury)¡Angles,Saxons,Jutes---GermanicpeoplefromwhatistodayDenmarkandNorthernGermany.¡English,thelanguageoftheAngles,replacedtheoldCelticlanguageasthedominantlanguageoftheland.SevenAnglo

4、-Saxonkingdoms七王国SevenAnglo-Saxonkingdoms(七王国)是指从5世纪到9世纪，Kent(肯特)Sussex(苏塞克斯)、Wessex(西撒克斯)、Essex(艾塞克斯)、EastAnglia(东英吉利)、Mercia(麦西亚)、Northumbria(诺森布里亚)七个小王国组成.Contributions:¡1.Privateownership(私有制)inthevillagecameintoexistence.2.Christianityconversion:in597,St.Augustine(圣奥古斯丁),o

5、rderedbyPopeGregoryI(格列高利一世)convertedAnglo-Saxons.AugustinefoundedachurchinCanterburyandbecamethefirstArchbishopofCanterbury(坎特伯雷大主教)in601.2.1.3DanishInvasion(8th---1042)(1)Danes(Vikings)(2)Time:8thcentury(3)ComingfromDenmark&Norway(4)AttackingtheEnglishcoast.(5)AlfredtheGreat阿

6、尔弗雷德大帝unitedthe7kingdomsinEngland.¡EdwardtheConfessor（英格兰国王，“忏悔者爱德华”）builtWestminsterAbbey(威斯敏斯特教堂)Danelaw(878)¡Danelaw:ThetermcanalsorefertothepartofEnglandthatwasruledbyDanelaw.ItwasthepriceEnglandhadtopayforacenturyofpeacewiththeDanes.¡丹麦辖区：为抵抗丹麦人入侵采取的一种方式，即割让一块土地给丹麦人管理。2.1.

7、4NormanConquest诺曼征服(1066)1.Reasons:ClaimoftheCrown.(1)King’scouncil’sappointmentofHaroldofWessex.(2)SecretpromiseofkingEdwardtoDukeWilliamofNormandy.2.Process§Time:Oct.14,1066§Place:Hastings(黑斯廷斯),Sussex§Persons:Haroldvs.William§Result:a.Haroldwaskilled.Williamwonandwascrowneda

8、sthekingofEnglandonChristmasDay,1066.b.TheNormandybega