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1、TheFormationoftheEmpire§1)TheBritishEmpirebeganwiththecolonizationofNewfoundland(纽芬兰)in1583,thefirstBritishcolonyoverseas.§2)FirstBritishEmpire(1583-1837)§IncludedthecoloniesinCanada,Australia,NewZealand,IndiaandmanysmallstatesinWestIndies.3)SecondBritishEmpire(1837-1901):TheVi
2、ctorianAgewitnessedtheestablishmentoftheSecondBritishEmpire.4)Victoria’sreign---tremendousachievementsandmadeBritainthelargestcolonialempireintheworldby20thc.3.ResultsOntheEveofWorldWarI,Britainwasthelargestcolonialempiretheworldhadeverseen.Itcontrolledaterritoryof33.5millionsq
3、uarekilometers,about1/4oftheworld’slandmass,about137timesaslargeasBritain.Itruledoverapopulationof393.5million,abouteighttimesthatofBritainitself.TheBritishboastedthattheywere“theSunNeverSetEmpire”,consistedofavastnumberofprotectorates(保护国),Crowncolonies(英国殖民地),spheresofinfluen
4、ces(势力范围),andself-governingdomains(自治领).2.3.2.BritainintheWorldWars1.BritainintheFirstWorldWar2.BritainbetweentheTwoWars3.BritainintheSecondWorldWar2.3.2.1.BritainintheFirstWorldWar1914-1918Imperialism.（20th.C）ThepowerbalanceinEuropehadundergonechanges.3.Aconflictofinterestsand
5、colonialrivalrydividedEuropeintotwocamps:theCentralPowers:Germany,Austria-Hungary,OttomanEmpire,BulgariaTheAlliedPowers(协约国)---France,theRussianEmpire,Italy,theUnitedStates2.ImmediatecauseforWWI:OnJune28,1914,theAustrianArchdukeFrancisFerdinandwasassassinatedbyayoungYugoslavinS
6、arajevofortheconflictontheBalkanPeninsula.3.Duringthewar:TheBritishnavyplayedaveryimportantroleintheultimatetriumph.4.Results:ThewarendedwiththevictoryfortheAllies.Britainwasdrainedofitsmanpower.Britainlosttheseasupremacy.BusinesswasslackinBritain.2.3.2.2BritainbetweentheTwoWar
7、sGeorgeV→EdwardVIII→GeorgeVIThemostimportantmaritimeandindustrialpowerinEuropeThelargestnavyandairforceintheworldThethirdlargestarmyTheindustrywasagingundertheDepression,strikesandlaborunrest,colonialtiesbecameweakened.In1920,theBritishCommunistPartyfounded.2.3.2.3.Britaininthe
8、SecondWorldWar1.Reason:⑴theGreatDepression：thesevereec
