英语国家概况,课件(七)chapter 2 industrial revolution

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1、TheIndustrialRevolution工业革命1.Reasons/Conditions(1)HugeMarketTheparliamentsupportedcommerceandindustry.TheterritoriesBritaincapturedduringSevenYear’swarprovidedBritainwithnecessaryrawmaterialsandmarketforitsproducts.(2)ColonialExploitation---Englandacquiredenormouswealthfrom

2、colonies.nEastIndiaCompany(1600)—thetradingmonopolyinIndiaandpartsofEastAsia.nColoniesinAmerica,Asia,Africa,andAustralia(3)EnclosureMovementTime:inthe16thand17thcenturiesResults:a.creating“landlesslaborers”.b.Deprivedlandownersoftheirproperty.EnclosureMovement:Itmeanstoturn

3、thecommonlandintoprivateproperty.Itcausedmuchpovertyfrom13thcenturyto19thcentury.Butitincreasedthenumberofyeomenandencouragedthedevelopmentofwoolenweavingindustry.Anotherwaveintheperiodof1760—1820createdanewclassoflandlesslaborersandfactoryworkers.In1876theenclosureofcommon

4、landwaslimitedbylaw.2.Processva.TheIndustrialRevolutionbeganinthetextileindustry,markedbyimportantinventionsinindustry.vTextileInventions:SpinningJenny珍妮纺纱机1765waterframe水力纺纱机1769powerloom动力纺织机1785Theseinventionspreparedwayforanewsystemoflargescaleproduction.InventorsInvent

5、ionsTimeFeaturesJohnKay约翰·凯伊FlyingShuttle飞梭1733SpeedupweavingclothJamesHargreaves詹姆斯·哈利夫斯SpinningJenny珍妮纺织机1765Speedupweavingyarnby8spindletogetherSamuelCrompton塞缪尔·隆普敦SpinningMule走锭精纺机/骆机1779SpeedupweavingyarnbyadvancedtechniquesEdmundCartwright爱德蒙·卡莱特powerloom动力纺织机1785Spe

6、edupweavingclothbyusingwateraspowerRichardArkwrightwaterframe水力纺纱机1769SpeedupweavingyarnbyusingwateraspowerIntransportation:v1814,Thefirststeamlocomotive蒸汽机车v1825,thefirstrailwaywascompleted.vBy1850,Britainhadestablishedarailwaysystem.vBythemiddleofthe19thC.IndustrialRevolu

7、tionwasaccomplishedinBritain.3.Consequences(1)EconomicalConsequenceslItsindustrialproductivityincreaseddramatically.---Britainwasby1830the“workshopoftheworld.”lBritainbecamethemostadvancedindustrialcountryandalsothefinancialcenterintheworld.lThecountryunderwentaprocessofmas

8、surbanization.Manynewcitiessprangup,suchasManchester,Leeds(利兹),Birmingham(伯明翰)andS