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1、Chapter1PeopleandLanguageII.PeopleofGreatBritainAncestorsTheAnglo-Saxons:aretheancestorsofthemajorityofthepopulationinBritain,aGermanicpeoplefromEuropewhowenttoEnglandbetweenthe5thand7thcenturies.Otherimmigrants:aremainlyIndians,Greeks,Australians,andNewZealandersaswellasAfricansandAsians.Th
2、eOriginofaNation1.EarlySettlers(before55B.C.)Iberians伊比利亚人TheCelts凯尔特人2.Romans(55B.C.-410)罗马人3.Anglo-Saxons(446-1016&1042-1066)4.Danes(1016-1042)丹麦人5.NormanConquest(1066)诺曼征服III.TheEnglishLanguage3.1TheOriginofEnglishEnglishlanguagebelongstoGermanicgroup(日耳曼语族)ofIndo-Europeanfamilyoflanguage
3、s。（印欧语系）Indo-EuropeanfamilyisabroadfamilyincludemostoftheEuropeanlanguagesspokentoday,suchasGermanicgroup(日耳曼语族),Romangroup(罗曼语族),Celticgroup(凯尔特语族),Balticgroup(波罗的语族),Greek(希腊语),etc.3.2TheDevelopmentofEnglishMiddleEnglishModernEnglishStandardEnglish1.OldEnglishperiod古英语时期Time:fromthe5thC.to
4、1066(from5thCtotheNormanConquest)Speakers:theAngles,SaxonsandJutesForm:amutuallyintelligiblelanguage,similartomodernFrisian(弗里西语)---thelanguageofnortheasternregionoftheNetherlands.Composition:1.oldNorse(挪威语)spokenbytheVikings(北欧海盗/维京人)2.theGermanandDutchlanguages.3.LatinandGreekwordsbytheint
5、roductionofChristianity.4.SomeDanishwords.Angles,SaxonsandJutesdrovetheoriginalCeltic-speakinginhabitantsoutofEnglandintoScotland,walesandIreland.SosomepeopleinthethreeareasspeakGaelicwhichcomefromCelticlanguages.2MiddleEnglishperiodTime:1066(theNormanConquest诺曼征服)---the14thcentury(theBlackD
6、eath黑死病)Speakers:FrenchnoblesForm:FrenchComposition:1.NumerousFrenchwordscameintotheEnglishvocabulary.2.Animalshavedifferentnamesfromtheirmeat.NormanWords关于皇权的词汇：sovereign,throne,crown,royal,state,country,parliament,prince,duke,palace,castle…关于骑士精神和文雅举：honour,glory,courteous，noble,pity,fine,
7、cruel…关于宗教教会：religion,service,angel,saint,sacrifice,miracle,preach,pray… 军事词汇：war,peace,battle,armour,office,lieutenant（海军上尉，陆军中尉），colonel（陆军上校），sergeant（中士），soldier,navy,admiral（海军上将）,captain（海军上校，陆军上尉），enemy,danger,prison,march,company,guard等。法律
