英语国家概况_谢福之Chapter2history

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1、GuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况英语国家概况Chapter2HistoryTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland英语国家概况TheRiseandFalloftheBritishEmpireTheFoundingoftheNationITransitiontotheModernAgeIIIIIBritainSinceWorldwarIIIVAdditionalInformationVCONTENTTheFoundingoftheNationI1.2Feudal

2、Society1.1RomanBritainandtheAnglo-Saxons1.1RomanBritainandAnglo-Saxons1.1.1PrehistoricPeriod(historyundocumented)9,000yearsagopartofE-Continent3,000BCIberians(Stonehenge)Stonehenge巨石阵ItisthemostfamousprehistoricmonumentinBritainandissituatedonSalisburyPlaininthecountyofWiltshire.Peo

3、plebeganbuildingStonehengeabout5,000yearsago,draggingeachstoneintoplace.StonehengeanditsStatue1.1RomanBritainandAnglo-SaxonsThenameofBritain—BritonsTribalsocietyCelticLanguage(IrishGaelic盖尔语,ScottishGaelic,Welsh)1.1.2Celtic凯尔特Britain(8th—5thCenturyBC)Howmanyinvasions?Firstinvasion—I

4、nAugust55BC,JuliusCaesarinvadedBritainSecond—Caesar'ssecondraidin54BCThirdandfinal—In43AD,EmperorClaudius,finalandsuccessfulRomaninvasionofBritainLeft—GermanicattackinRome,forcingallRomantroopstoleaveBritain,andthusendingtheRomanoccupationoftheisland.1.1.3RomanBritain(43AD—5thC

5、entury)Capableadministrators&goodbuilders(townsandcities&roads)BuildingofLondonRiverThames“LondonBridge”BuildingofroadsRomanChristianitySt.AugustinebringsChristianity基督教toBritainfromRomeandbecomesArchbishopofCanterbury1.1.3RomanBritain(43AD—5thCentury)PopeGregoryI1.1.4TheAnglo-Saxon

6、Invasion(5th—8thCentury)Germanic日耳曼人（或民族）的people(theJutes朱特人fromJutland,AnglesfromSouthofDenmarkandSaxonsfromGermany)English(languageoftheAngles)dominantlanguageDoyouknowhowthenamesofthedaysinaweekcameintobeing?TheAnglo-SaxonsbroughttheirownTeutonic（日耳曼人的）religiontoBritain.Thenames

7、Tuesday,Wednesday,ThursdayandFridayrespectivelyderivefromtheirgods.—Tiu—godofwar—Woden—kingofheaven—Thor—godofstorms—Freya—goddessofpeace1.1.5DanishInvasion(8thCentury—1066)theVikings威金人(fromtheScandinaviancountries:Norway,DenmarkandSweden)AlfredtheGreat,kingofWessexApeacetreaty:the

8、easternhalfoftheisl