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1、AGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandChapter2HistoryTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland英语国家概况TheRiseandFallofthe BritishEmpireTheFoundingoftheNationITransitiontotheModernAgeIIIIIBritainsinceWorldWarIIIVAdditionalInforma
2、tionVCONTENTTheFoundingoftheNationI1.2FeudalSociety1.1RomanBritainandtheAnglo-Saxons1.1RomanBritainandAnglo-Saxons1.1.1PrehistoricPeriod(historyundocumented)9,000yearsagopartofE-Continentabout3,100BCthenativeNeolithicpeople(Stonehenge)StonehengeItisthemostfamousprehistoricmonumenti
3、nBritainandissituatedonSalisburyPlaininthecountyofWiltshire.PeoplebeganbuildingStonehengeabout5,100yearsago,draggingeachstoneintoplace.StonehengeanditsStatue1.1RomanBritainandAnglo-SaxonsThenameofBritain—BritonsTribalsocietyCelticLanguage(IrishGaelic,ScottishGaelic,Welsh)1.1.2Celti
4、cBritain(8th-5thCenturyBC)Firstinvasion—InAugust55BC,JuliusCaesarinvadedBritainSecond—Caesar'ssecondraidin54BCThirdandfinal—In43AD,EmperorClaudius,finalandsuccessfulRomaninvasionofBritainLeft—Germanicbarbariansattacked Rome,forcingallRoman troopstoleaveBritain, andthusendingthe Rom
5、anoccupationof theisland.1.1.3RomanBritain(43AD-5thCentury)JuliusCaesar(GaiusJuliusCaesar,恺撒大帝,100BC-44BC)ChangedthecourseofthehistoryoftheGreco-Romanworlddecisivelyandirreversibly.Launchedaseriesofpoliticalandsocialreforms.Assassinatedbyagroupofnobles.1.1.3RomanBritain(43AD-5thCen
6、tury)JuliusCaesarCapableadministrators&goodbuilders(townsandcities&roads)BuildingofLondonRiverThames“LondonBridge”Buildingofroads1.1.3RomanBritain(43AD-5thCentury)1.1.4TheAnglo-SaxonInvasion (5th-8thCentury)Germanicpeople(theJutesfromJutland,AnglesfromSouthofDenmarkandSaxonsfromGer
7、many)English(languageoftheAngles)dominantlanguageRomanChristianitySt.AugustinebringsChristianitytoBritainfromRomeandbecomesArchbishopofCanterburySt.Augustine(圣奥古斯丁,？-604/605)FirstarchbishopofCanterburyandtheapostle(传道者)ofEngland,whofoundedtheChristianchurchinsouthernEngland.PopeGre
8、gorytheGreatchosehimin595t
