英译汉_lecture_4 units of translation

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1、Lecture4UnitsofTranslation1.AComparisonLinguisticUnitsTranslatingUnitsphonememorphemewordphrasesentencediscourse2.Phonemeradar雷达OPEC欧佩克watt瓦特copy拷贝ton吨tank坦克clone克隆gene基因Aphonematicstructurealonemakesnosensebutalwaysitindicatesacertainlayerofspecificmeaning.Therefore,translationatthelev

2、elofphonemeisavailablejustwhenitsphonematiceffectisneeded,forexample,inthetranslationofapropernoun;exactly,whentransliteration(音译)isnecessary.Phoneme-basedtransliterationisaneffectivewaytointroducenewlycoinedwordsorexpressions.laser莱塞/激光engine发动机/引擎turbine涡轮机/透平motor电动机/马达macro-economic

3、s宏观经济学（科）metacompile(e)r元/玄编辑者/程序diatomic双/两原子的3.Morphemehi-tech(high-technology)高技术digi-tech(digitaltechnology)数字化技术telecom(telecommunication)电信comsat(communicationssatellite)通讯卫星datacom(datacommunication)数据通信***Translationatthelevelofmorphemeislessavailablebecauseofthedifferentmorphem

4、icstructuresofanytwolanguages;butitisquiteapplicableintranslationofscientificandtechnologicalneologism.4.WordAwordisthemostelementaryunitofmeaningintranslationwithitsbasicmeaningcontributingtothetranslator’sroughunderstandingofthewholesentenceandeventhewholediscourse.Buttranslationcanno

5、t,inmostcases,beconductedwordforword,namely,inaliteralway,asisdiscussedinthepastlectures.TwentyyearslaterKaoYu-paoreturnedtohishometown.二十年后高玉宝回到他的家乡。她的大女儿是个纺织工人。Hereldestdaughterisatextileworker.5.PhraseThestudyofmodernEnglishmostlyfocusesonphrasesinsteadofonwords,becausethelatterfunct

6、ionsbetterintheformer;butaphrasedoesn’tmeanthecollectionorcombinationofallwords’meanings.Generally,phrasesaremadeintwoways:1）.setphases(习语)2）.freephrases(自由词组)1）setphasesShewasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth.她生长在富有之家。Thistimehemissedtheboat.这回他算是坐失良机了。2）freephasesThisreceiverisindeedchea

7、pandfine.这台收音机真是物美价廉。Note,therefore,thatwhenwecalibratethescaletoreadinohms,thesecalibrationsgobackward.因此，要注意，当我们把刻度刻成欧姆读数时，这种刻度则是由大至小的顺序。6.SentenceAsdiscussedabove,themeaningofaphraseismostlyfarbeyondthecombinedmeaningofallthewordsincluded;itisthesamewithasentence:italwaysmor