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ID:11018942
大小:385.50 KB
页数:59页
时间:2018-07-09
《modern linguistic自考现代语言学》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、第一章 绪论1/Whatislinguistics?·什么是语言学?·Linguistics isgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.Itstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage,butlanguagesingeneral.2/Thescopeoflinguistics·语言学的研究范畴·Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled generallinguistics.(普通语言学)·Thestudyofsounds,whichareusedinlinguisticcom
2、munication,iscalled phonetics.[fəˈnetɪks](语音学)· Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalled phonology.[fəuˈnɔlədʒi](音系学)· Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsarecalled morphology.[mɔ:ˈfɔlədʒi](形态学)· Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesisca
3、lled syntax.[ˈsɪnˌtæks](句法学)· Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalled semantics.[sɪˈmæntɪks](语义学)· Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalled pragmatics.[præɡˈmætiks](语用学)· Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalled socio-linguistics.(社会语言学)· Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingofmindiscall
4、edpsycho-linguistics.(心理语言学)·Thestudyofapplications(astherecoveryofspeechability)isgenerallyknownas appliedlinguistics.(应用语言学)·Butinanarrow([ˈnærəu]adj.狭隘的;狭窄的;)sense,appliedlinguisticsreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning,especiallytheteachingoffore
5、ignandsecondlanguage.·Otherrelatedbranchesinclude anthropological([ˌænθrəpəˈlɔdʒɪkəl]adj.人类学的)linguistics,(人类语言学) neurological[ˌnjʊərəˈlɔdʒɪkəl]linguistics,(神经语言学) mathematicallinguistics,(数字语言学)and computational[ˌkɔmpju(:)ˈteiʃ(ə)n(ə)l]linguistics.(计算机语言学)3/Someimportantdistinctionsinlinguistics
6、·语言学研究中的几对基本概念Prescriptive[priˈskriptiv]anddescriptive[dɪˈskrɪptɪv]·描写与规定·Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe descriptive,ifitaimstolaydownrulestotellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay,itissaidtobe prescriptive.·Modernlinguisticsdiffersfromt
7、raditionalgrammar.·Traditionalgrammarisprescriptivewhilemodernlinguisticsisdescriptive.·Thetaskoflinguistsissupposedtodescribethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,whetheritis“correct”ornot.Synchronic[siŋˈkrɔnik]anddiachronic[ˌ
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