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1、ImplicitandExplicitOccupation-sexstereotypesAbstractThisstudywasdesignedtocompareimplicitandexplicitoccupation-sexstereotypesforthreeoccupations(engineer,accountant,andelementaryschoolteacher).Theseoccupationsrepresentedtheendpointsandmiddleofamasculine-femininecontinuumofexplicitoccupation-s
2、exstereotypes.ImplicitstereotypeswereassessedusingtheImplicitAssociationTest(IAT),whichisbelievedtominimizeself-presentationalbiasescommonwithexplicitmeasuresofoccupation-sexstereotypes.IATresultsforthemostgenderstereotypedoccupations,engineer(masculine)andelementaryschoolteacher(feminine),we
3、recomparabletoexplicitratings.Therewaslessagreementwithlessstereotypedcomparisons.Resultsindicatedthataccountingwasimplicitlyperceivedasmoremasculinethanexplicitmeasuresindicate,whichcallsintoquestionreportsofdiminishinggenderstereotypingforsuchoccupations.KeywordsOccupation-sexstereotypes.Im
4、plicitstereotypes.Stereotypes.ImplicitAssociationTestPopularbeliefshavelongheldthatbecauseoftheirstereotypedtraitsandtemperamentsmenandwomenaresuitedfordifferentkindsofoccupations.Oneoftheearliestempiricalexaminationsoftheseoccupation-sexstereotypeswasconductedbyShinar(1975)whoshowedthatcolle
5、gestudentsthoughtthatsomeoccupationsrequiredmasculinetraits,whileothersrequiredfemininetraits.The19methodthatShinar(1975)andothers(Beggs&Doolittlo,1993;Whito,Kruczok,Brown,&Whito,1989)usedtostudyoccupationalstereotypesisthetraditionalmethodofmeasuringstereotypesofalltypos.Indeed,itwasfirstuse
6、dbyKatzandBraly(1935)intheirveryearlyworkonnationalstereotypes.ThisapproachtreatsstereotypesasaCollectionoftraitsorattributesthattherespondentconsciouslyandexplicitlyassociateswithmembersofdifferentgroups.Mostconceptualtreatmentsofstereotypes,andallpopularaccounts,haveemphasizedtheseexplicitp
7、rocessesandtheircontents.Personsacquirestereotypes,inpart,throughpersonalexperience.Butbecausestereotypesarepartofthebeliefsandsharedassumptionsthatsocietieshaveaboutdifferenttypesofpeopleandgroups,theyarealsopartofthesociety'scollectiveknowl
