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1、ImplicitandExplicitOccupation-sexstereotypesAbstractThisstudywasdesignedtocompareimplicitandexplicitoccupation-sexstereotypesforthreeoccupations(engineer,accountant,andelementaryschoolteacher).Theseoccupationsrepresentedtheendpointsandmiddleofamasculine-fe
2、mininecontinuumofexplicitoccupation-sexstereotypes.ImplicitstereotypeswereassessedusingtheImplicitAssociationTest(IAT),whichisbelievedtominimizeself-presentationalbiasescommonwithexplicitmeasuresofoccupation-sexstereotypes.IATresultsforthemostgenderstereot
3、ypedoccupations,engineer(masculine)andelementaryschoolteacher(feminine),werecomparabletoexplicitratings.Therewaslessagreementwithlessstereotypedcomparisons.Resultsindicatedthataccountingwasimplicitlyperceivedasmoremasculinethanexplicitmeasuresindicate,whic
4、hcallsintoquestionreportsofdiminishinggenderstereotypingforsuchoccupations.KeywordsOccupation-sexstereotypes.Implicitstereotypes.Stereotypes.ImplicitAssociationTestPopularbeliefshavelongheldthatbecauseoftheirstereotypedtraitsandtemperamentsmenandwomenaresu
5、itedfordifferentkindsofoccupations.Oneoftheearliestempiricalexaminationsoftheseoccupation-sexstereotypeswasconductedbyShinar(1975)whoshowedthatcollegestudentsthoughtthatsomeoccupationsrequiredmasculinetraits,whileothersrequiredfemininetraits.The19methodtha
6、tShinar(1975)andothers(Beggs&Doolittlo,1993;Whito,Kruczok,Brown,&Whito,1989)usedtostudyoccupationalstereotypesisthetraditionalmethodofmeasuringstereotypesofalltypos.Indeed,itwasfirstusedbyKatzandBraly(1935)intheirveryearlyworkonnationalstereotypes.Thisappr
7、oachtreatsstereotypesasaCollectionoftraitsorattributesthattherespondentconsciouslyandexplicitlyassociateswithmembersofdifferentgroups.Mostconceptualtreatmentsofstereotypes,andallpopularaccounts,haveemphasizedtheseexplicitprocessesandtheircontents.Personsac
8、quirestereotypes,inpart,throughpersonalexperience.Butbecausestereotypesarepartofthebeliefsandsharedassumptionsthatsocietieshaveaboutdifferenttypesofpeopleandgroups,theyarealsopartofthesociety'scollectiveknowl
