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1、ImplicitandExplicitOccupation-sexstereotypesAbstractThisstudywasdesignedtocompareimplicitandexplicitoccupation-sexstereotypesforthreeoccupations(engineer,accountant,andelementaryschoolteacher).Theseoccupationsrepresentedtheendpointsandmiddleofamasculine-femininecontinuumofexplicitocc
2、upation-sexstereotypes.ImplicitstereotypeswereassessedusingtheImplicitAssociationTest(IAT),whichisbelievedtominimizeself-presentationalbiasescommonwithexplicitmeasuresofoccupation-sexstereotypes.IATresultsforthemostgenderstereotypedoccupations,engineer(masculine)andelementaryschoolte
3、acher(feminine),werecomparabletoexplicitratings.Therewaslessagreementwithlessstereotypedcomparisons.Resultsindicatedthataccountingwasimplicitlyperceivedasmoremasculinethanexplicitmeasuresindicate,whichcallsintoquestionreportsofdiminishinggenderstereotypingforsuchoccupations.KeywordsO
4、ccupation-sexstereotypes.Implicitstereotypes.Stereotypes.ImplicitAssociationTestPopularbeliefshavelongheldthatbecauseoftheirstereotypedtraitsandtemperamentsmenandwomenaresuitedfordifferentkindsofoccupations.Oneoftheearliestempiricalexaminationsoftheseoccupation-sexstereotypeswascondu
5、ctedbyShinar(1975)whoshowedthatcollegestudentsthoughtthatsomeoccupationsrequiredmasculinetraits,whileothersrequiredfemininetraits.The19methodthatShinar(1975)andothers(Beggs&Doolittlo,1993;Whito,Kruczok,Brown,&Whito,1989)usedtostudyoccupationalstereotypesisthetraditionalmethodofmeasur
6、ingstereotypesofalltypos.Indeed,itwasfirstusedbyKatzandBraly(1935)intheirveryearlyworkonnationalstereotypes.ThisapproachtreatsstereotypesasaCollectionoftraitsorattributesthattherespondentconsciouslyandexplicitlyassociateswithmembersofdifferentgroups.Mostconceptualtreatmentsofstereoty
7、pes,andallpopularaccounts,haveemphasizedtheseexplicitprocessesandtheircontents.Personsacquirestereotypes,inpart,throughpersonalexperience.Butbecausestereotypesarepartofthebeliefsandsharedassumptionsthatsocietieshaveaboutdifferenttypesofpeopleandgroups,theyarealsopartofthesociety'scol
8、lectiveknowl
