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1、ImplicitandExplicitOccupation-sexstereotypesAbstractThisstudywasdesignedtocompareimplicitandexplicitoccupation-sexstereotypesforthreeoccupations(engineer,accountant,andelementaryschoolteacher).Theseoccupationsrepresentedtheendpointsandmiddleofamasculine-femininecontinuumofexplicitoc
2、cupation-sexstereotypes.ImplicitstereotypeswereassessedusingtheImplicitAssociationTest(IAT),whichisbelievedtominimizeself-presentationalbiasescommonwithexplicitmeasuresofoccupation-sexstereotypes.IATresultsforthemostgenderstereotypedoccupations,engineer(masculine)andelementaryschool
3、teacher(feminine),werecomparabletoexplicitratings.Therewaslessagreementwithlessstereotypedcomparisons.Resultsindicatedthataccountingwasimplicitlyperceivedasmoremasculinethanexplicitmeasuresindicate,whichcallsintoquestionreportsofdiminishinggenderstereotypingforsuchoccupations.Keywor
4、dsOccupation-sexstereotypes.Implicitstereotypes.Stereotypes.ImplicitAssociationTestPopularbeliefshavelongheldthatbecauseoftheirstereotypedtraitsandtemperamentsmenandwomenaresuitedfordifferentkindsofoccupations.Oneoftheearliestempiricalexaminationsoftheseoccupation-sexstereotypeswasc
5、onductedbyShinar(1975)whoshowedthatcollegestudentsthoughtthatsomeoccupationsrequiredmasculinetraits,whileothersrequiredfemininetraits.The19methodthatShinar(1975)andothers(Beggs&Doolittlo,1993;Whito,Kruczok,Brown,&Whito,1989)usedtostudyoccupationalstereotypesisthetraditionalmethodofm
6、easuringstereotypesofalltypos.Indeed,itwasfirstusedbyKatzandBraly(1935)intheirveryearlyworkonnationalstereotypes.ThisapproachtreatsstereotypesasaCollectionoftraitsorattributesthattherespondentconsciouslyandexplicitlyassociateswithmembersofdifferentgroups.Mostconceptualtreatmentsofst
7、ereotypes,andallpopularaccounts,haveemphasizedtheseexplicitprocessesandtheircontents.Personsacquirestereotypes,inpart,throughpersonalexperience.Butbecausestereotypesarepartofthebeliefsandsharedassumptionsthatsocietieshaveaboutdifferenttypesofpeopleandgroups,theyarealsopartofthesocie
8、ty'scollectiveknowl
