the impact of human resource management on organizational performance

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1、©AcademyofManagementJournal1996,Vol.39,No.4,779-801.THEIMPACTOFHUMANRESOURCEMANAGEMENTONORGANIZATIONALPERFORMANCE:PROGRESSANDPROSPECTSBRIANBECKERStateUniversityofNewYorkatBuffaloBARRYGERHARTVanderbiltUniversityWedescribewhyhumanresourcemanagement(HRM)decisionsarelik

2、elytohaveanimportantanduniqueinfluenceonorganizationalperformance.OurhopeisthatthisresearchforumwillhelpadvanceresearchonthelinkbetweenHRMandorganizationalperformance.Weidentifykeyunresolvedquestionsinneedoffuturestudyandmakeseveralsuggestionsintendedtohelpresearche

3、rsstudyingthesequestionsbuildamorecumulativebodyofknowledgethatwillhavekeyimplicationsforboththeoryandpractice.Arapidlychangingeconomicenvironment,characterizedbysuchphenomenaastheglobalizationandderegulationofmarkets,changingcustomerandinvestordemands,andever-inc

4、reasingproduct-marketcompetition,hasbecomethenormformostorganizations.Tocompete,theymustcontinuallyimprovetheirperformancebyreducingcosts,innovatingproductsandprocesses,andimprovingquality,productivity,andspeedtomarket.WiththisSpecialResearchForumonHumanResourceMan

5、agementandOrganizationalPerformance,wehopetocontributetoabetterunderstandingoftheroleofhumanresourcedecisionsincreatingandsustainingorganizationalperformanceandcompetitiveadvantage.Theconceptualandempiricalworkrelevanttothisquestionhasprogressedfarenoughtosuggestt

6、hattheroleofhumanresourcescanbecrucial(Arthur,1994;Cutcher-Gershenfeld,1991;Huselid,1995;Huselid&Becker,1996;Gerhart&Milkovich,1990;Ichniowski,Shaw,&Prennushi,1994;MacDuffie,1995).However,giventheimportanceandcomplexitiesoftheissue,thisbodyofworkisrelativelysmall,an

7、dmostofthekeyquestionsaresorelyinneedoffurtherattention.Wehopethatthepublicationofthisspecialforumwillencourageandreinforceinterestinthisarea,aswellasTheauthorscontributedequallyandarelistedinalphabeticalorder.WethankLeeDyer,MarkHuselid,SusanJackson,CharlesTrevor,an

8、dPatrickWrightforcommentsonanearlierversionofthisarticle.779780AcademyofManagementJournalAugusthelpresearchersintheirdecisionsregardingw