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北京市朝阳区2022～2023学年度高一第二学期期末质量检测英语试卷(考试时间100分钟满分100分)本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用(共三节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Aftersixmonthsofdating,mypartnerGabeandIweretakingourfirstroadtrip.Bothofuswereadventurous,andwecouldn’twaittogo____1____andexploring.Ataround5:30pm,wewere____2____onamountainroadnamedCrowsnestHighway.Wedidn’tknowtherecentfloodinginthearea.Whentextingmymom,Ihappenedtolookupfrommy____3____andsawawaveofmud(泥浆)andahugetreecomingdownthemountain,rightinfrontofourcar.Gabetriedtostop,butitwastoo____4____.Themudslidesentourcarfallingnearly300metersdownarockycliff(悬崖)andourcarlandedonitssideamongsometrees.Ididn’tknowhowlongwewereunconscious(昏迷的).Not____5____,wewereinjuredseriously.Sufferingthehugepain,webothmanagedtomoveoutofthe____6____car.Then,wesatonarockandconsideredourchoices.Wecouldn’tgeta____7____onourcellphones,soallwecoulddowasshoutforhelp.Luckily,someone____8____.Fourpassers-byspottedusandcalled911.Whenmedicalworkersgottoourside,theyloadedusintoseparateemergencyvehicles.IwasinthehospitalfortendayswhiletheykeptGabeforsixweeks.IwastoldIwouldnotwalkasanormalpersonfortherestofmylifeandGabelost____9____inhislefteye.Beforeallthishappened,wewerehappy-go-luckypeople.Strangelyenough,theaccidenthasmadeusevenmore____10____.Despitetheinjurieswesuffered,we’rethankfulthatwe’restillalive.Theexperiencealsomadeuscloser.Ayearaftertheaccident,weevendrovebacktotheCrowsnestHighwayasanewlymarriedcouple.1.A.boatingB.cyclingC.runningD.hiking2.A.drivingB.joggingC.walkingD.riding3.A.bookB.phoneC.carD.computer4.A.earlyB.longC.lateD.heavy
5.A.exactlyB.clearlyC.necessarilyD.surprisingly6.A.crashedB.usedC.repairedD.parked7.A.wordB.pictureC.signalD.message8.A.hesitatedB.respondedC.promisedD.refused9.A.touchB.smellC.sightD.hearing10.A.carefulB.disappointedC.puzzledD.positive第二节选词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当词组并使用其正确形式填空。comeupwithputouttakepartintakeactionmakeadifferencetobecoveredwithendupbestuckininspiteofinadditionto11.________creatingthings,sciencecreatesideas.12.Havingagoodteacher________studentscareerpaths.13.Afteraheateddiscussion,we________anewideafortheartfestival.14.Thewindblewinfromthedesertyesterday.Now,everything________.15.Manyathletesfromaroundtheworldwill________theupcomingOlympics.16.Therescueteamscouldn’tarriveontimebecausethecarwheels________themud.17.Wemust________tostoptheharmfuleffectsofpassivesmokingonpeople’shealth.18.Firefighterscoulddodangerousjobslike________firesorworkingonhighbuildings.19.Thescientistsinsistedoncarryingouttheexperiment________allkindsofdifficulties.20.Ifyoudon’tknowwhatyouwant,youmight________gettingsomethingyoudon’twant.第三节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。21.Icouldgetyouajobhereifthat’s________youwant.（用适当的词填空）22.Thegirlcameintothehouse,________(carry)alotofbooks.（所给词的适当形式填空）23.Wemanaged________(overcome)thedifficultiesinlearningEnglish.（所给词的适当形式填空）24.Dr.Brownisaseniorprofessor________viewsarewidelyrespected.（用适当的词填空）25.China’sShaanxiHistoryMuseumiswellworth________(visit).（所给词的适当形式填空）26.Therearemanyreasons________Englishissowidelyusedaroundtheworld.（用适当的词填空）
27.Thissmallmountainvillageisabeautifulplace________Ispentmychildhood.（用适当的词填空）28.Itisimportanttoavoid________(waste)timeandmakegooduseofeveryminute.（所给词的适当形式填空）29.________(see)fromthetopofthetower,ourcitylooksmorebeautiful.（所给词的适当形式填空）30.May30,2023isamemorableday,________theShenzhouXVImannedspaceshipwaslaunchedsuccessfully.（用适当的词填空）第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheNationalGalleryofArtisapublicartmuseuminWashington,D.C.Itcontainsalargecollectionofpaintings,prints,drawings,photographs,andotherworksofart.Comeandenjoysomewonderfulshows.PresentExhibitionsGoingThroughHell:TheDivineDanteApril9—July16,2023WestBuilding,MainFloor,Gallery10-11DantewasanItalianpoetandwriter.HisDivineComedyhasbeenoneofthemostpowerfulworksinwesternliteratureforover700years.Comeandexploretheimpactsofthisgreatworkinthecollectionofsome20works,includingtheearlyprintsofDivineComedy,drawingsonpaperfromthe15thto20thcenturyandmore.DrawinginBritain,1700-1900:NewAdditionstotheCollectionApril2—August6,2023WestBuilding,GroundFloorThisexhibitionincludesabout80recentlyacquiredartworks.Youcanseenotonlytraditionallandscapepaintings,butalsomanylife-likeportraits(肖像)andpaintingsofhistoricalscenes.ThesepiecesaresuretogiveyouanunderstandingofBritishartovertwocenturies.
PhilipGustonNowMarch2—August27,2023EastBuilding,HallPhilipGustonisoneofAmerica’smostinfluentialmodernartists,famousinhistimeandinours.Throughmorethan150paintingsanddrawings,youcangetasenseofthechangeofhisartisticstylethroughtheyears.Hisworkscontinuetoraisethoughtsaboutbeauty,freedom,andmore.OpeningTimesTheNationalGalleryofArtisopenfrom10:00amto5:00pm,includingpublicholidays.Lastadmissionisat4:00pm,onehourbeforeclosing.ParkingThereisnopublicparkingattheNationalGalleryofArt,butlimitedparkingspacesaresetasideforvisitorswithdisabilities.Parkingisavailableonsurroundingstreetsandincommercialgarages.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleasecall(202)737–4215orsendusanemailatvisit@nga.gov.31.WhatcanyouseeintheNationalGalleryofArt?A.The20worksofDante.B.PhillipGuston’sworksofliteratureC.NewlygainedBritishartworks.D.LandscapepaintingsofWashington,D.C.32.TheNationalGalleryofArt________.A.admitsvisitorsfrom10:00amto4:00pmB.containsthelargestartcollectionintheUSC.offersenoughcarparkingspacesforvisitorsD.showsthe17th-centurypaintingsintheEastBtilding33.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?ATospreadartknowledge.B.Todescribeworksofworld-famousartists.C.Tointroduceworldwidewonderfulexhibitions.D.Togiveinformationaboutapublicartmuseum.B
AHouseplantIsHelpingMeSurviveMywifeHannahandIusuallydon’tkeephouseplants.Anythinginpotsgetseitheroverwateredorunderwatered.Aftermydiagnosis(诊断)withbraincancer,Ilovedtheideaofhavingsomethingnewandgreenandalivearoundus.WhenmyfriendMitchgavemewhathesaidwasaluckybambooplant,weplaceditinthelivingroomwindowwhereIspentmuchofeachday.ItoldHannahIwantedtolookaftertheplantmyself.Whenitdidn’timmediatelyturnyelloworbrownorloseallofitsleaves,Iwaspleasantlysurprised.Asadoctor,Iwasusedtobeingtheonewhoprovidedcare,nottheonewhoreceivedit.Sincemydiagnosis,itseemed,Ihadtorelyonhelpfromotherpeople.TakingcareoftheplantgavemethefeelingofbeinghappyandsatisfiedwhenIfeltuseless.Wateringtheplant,assmallanactasitwas,connectedmetosacentralpartofmyoldidentityandtaughtmeIcouldstillbeacaregiver.Overthenextfewmonths,Irecoveredfromsurgery(手术).EvenafterIreturnedtowork,Icontinuedtocarefortheplant.Soon,ithadnearlydoubledinheightanditsleaveswereshiny.BoththetreeandIbecamehealthier.Then,withoutanyreason,itbegantoshowsignsofstress.Itsleaveskeptbrowninganddroppingtothefloor.“Ican’tevencareforasimpleplant!”Iyelled.“Ifmyluckybamboodies,Imightdietoo!”Icouldn’tshakethefeelingthattheplanthadbecomeasymbol(象征)ofmyhealth.Nowthattheplantwasstruggling,Igrewincreasinglydepressedandfearful.However,recallingwhatI’dexperienced,IlearntthatIhadwronglyconnectedmycarefortheplant—somethingoverwhichIhadatleastsomecontrol—withmyownsurvival—somethingoverwhichIhadnocontrol.AsIrealizedthefact,myanxietywasactuallyeased.Isearchedonlinetofigureouthowtotakecareofmyplant.Whenitwasbackinthesunnywindow,webothbecamehealthieragain.Now,wheneverIlookattheplant,IwouldthinkofMitchandtheotherpeoplewhohavecaredforandsupportedme.34.Theauthordecidedtokeepthebamboobecause________.A.helovedtokeephouseplantsB.hebelievedithelpedtocleantheair
ChethoughtitwasagoodwaytogetrelaxedD.hewantedtobesurroundedbysomethingcheerful35.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutlookingafterthebambooatfirst?A.Itmadehimfeelhopeless.B.Itputanendtohissuffering.C.Itgavehimasenseofachievement.D.Itremindedhimofhispoorhealthcondition.36.Whydidtheauthorbecomefearfulwhenthebambooshowedsignsofstress?A.Becausehecouldn’tbearfailures.B.Becausehedidn’tknowwhyitwasdyingC.Becausehedidn’twanttodisappointMitch.D.Becauseherelatedhisownhealthtotheplant’s.37.Howdidtheauthorfinallyrelievehistension?A.BybelievinginhisrecoveryintheendB.Byacceptingthingsbeyondhiscontrol.C.Bythinkingofthosewhosupportedhim.D.Bysearchingforplantknowledgeonline.CEpisodicmemory(情景记忆)allowshumanstorevisitpastpersonalexperiencesintheirminds,anditwasoncethoughttobeaspecialskillofhumans.Althoughtherearestillargumentsabouttheextentofthistypeofmemoryinnon-humananimals,scientistshaveprovedthatcreatureslikeratsanddogscanpassteststhataredevelopedtoassessepisodicmemoryoverthepasttwodecades.“Curiously,thereisalackofresearchinvestigatingdolphins’episodicmemory,”UniversityofCambridgecognitive(认知的)scientistJamesDaviessays.Therefore,thissurprisingfactencourageshimtofillthisgap.Theteamused“where”and“who”questionsintheirresearch,eachonadifferenttest.Eachdolphinwasfirsttrainedtoretrieveaballfromthewater,andthentrainedtogetaballbyapproachingapersonholdingitinfrontofthemwhileignoringanempty-handedpersonstandingatadifferentspot.Duringthistraining,thelocationswererandomized(使随机化)andthepersonholdingtheballdifferedeachtime,sothatthosedetailswereirrelevanttolearningtheretrievingbehavior.Then,forthetests,thedolphinswereaskedtoretrievetheballastheyhadlearnedtodo,butafter10minutes,somethingchanged-thistime,theballcouldn’tbeseen,asitwasnowbehindoneofthetwopeople’sbacks.Inthe“where”tests,theballwashiddeninthesamespotasinthetraining,
butbothpeoplehadbeenchanged,whileinthe“who”tests,thelocationsofthepeoplechangedbuttheballremainedwiththepersonwho’dhaditpreviously.Eightdolphinswentthrougheachofthetwotests,separatedbyatleast48hours.Allthedolphinsgotitrightinchoosingthecorrectspotonthe“where”experiments,andsevenachievedsuccessonthe“who”experiments.KellyJaakkola,apsychologist,saysthatbasedontheircognitiveskills,dolphinsareagoodcandidateforhavingepisodic-likememory,andthisstudygoesreallyfarinshowingthat.Shealsosays,“Themorewelookforsuchcapabilitiesinnon-humananimals,themorespecieswe’lllikelyfindthemin.”Sheadds,“Anexcitingquestionistherefore‘Wheredowedrawthatline?Whichanimalsdohaveit,whichanimalsdon’t,andwhatsortofcognitiveorneurologicalorsocialcharacteristicsdothoseanimalsshare?’That’sgoingtobethefunpartofthegame.”38.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“retrieve”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Fetch.B.Move.C.Throw.D.Play.39.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thelocationsofthepeopleinvolvedinthetests.B.Thememorytasksthatdolphinsneedtoperform.C.Theabilityofdolphinstocommunicatewithhumans.D.Thedolphins’characteristicsrelatedtotheirmemoryprocessing.40.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Dolphinspassthetestsasaresultoftraining.B.Itisverylikelythatdolphinsareaffectedbypeopleduringthetests.C.Scientistswillprobablyfindepisodicmemoryinallnon-humananimals.D.Theinfluenceofdolphins’familiaritywithalocationorapersonisavoided.41.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.DolphinsAretheMostIntelligentAnimalsB.DolphinsMayRememberPersonalExperiencesC.EpisodicMemoryIsImportantforHumansandAnimalsD.AScientificMethodIsUsedtoStudyDolphins’MemoryDAfteryearsofblue-collar(蓝领)jobsbeingreplacedbymachines,advancedchatbotsarenowbreathingdownwhitecollars.GenerativeAltools,suchasChatGPT,havemadeimpressiveprogressingeneratinghuman-soundinglanguageandunderstandingcontext.Somuchsothathumansarenomatchfortheminsometasks.Up
to300millionfull-timejobscouldbelostaroundtheworld,whichisasmuchas18%oftheglobalworkforce.ArecentstudybyOpenAI,thecreatorofChatGPT,lookedatthepotentialforautomationacross1,016jobs.HumansandAIseparatelyratedhowwellsoftwarepoweredbylarge-languagemodels,whicharetrainedonaseaofinformationfromtheInternetandthenreactedquicklytospecificfunctions,couldperform19,000tasksinvolvedinthejobs.Ifthesoftwarewasconsideredabletoreducethetimeittakeshumanstocompletethetaskbyatleasthalf,withoutadropinquality,thetaskwasconsideredreadyforAIreplacement.Forothertasks,thecompanyimaginedadditionalsoftwarethatcouldbeaddedtothemodel,suchascomputertoolsthatcanautomaticallypullfreshdatafromtheInternet.Theyfoundthat80%ofAmericanscouldhaveatleast10%oftheirworktasksdonebyadvancedAltools.Thefigurerisesto50%oftasksforaround19%ofworkers.Thisautomationshouldnotbefeared.Itcouldfreeworkersfromrepeatedtasks,contributingtogreaterproductivity.AstudypublishedonApril5suggeststhatgenerativeAIcouldbringaboutsweepingchangestotheglobaleconomy.Asthesetoolscoulddrivea7%increaseinglobalGDPandliftproductivityby1.5percentagepointsovera10-yearperiod.Butstudieslikethismayoverstatethepotentialforautomation,ignoringsometacitskills(隐性技能)inprofessionstheyknowlessabout.Humanqualitiesimportantforsomejobs,suchasempathyorcharisma(感召力),willbeoverlooked.AndnotalltaskscapableofbeingcarriedoutbyAIshouldbe:amaninloveshouldfeelitashameforusingittowritealovelettertohisbelovedgirlfriendhowevertouchingandsincereitmaysound.ManybusinessesarealsonotwillingtoacceptAI.Andthosewhohavealreadyaccepteditareattheriskofpracticalandlegal(法律的)confusion.Whenchatbotsdonotknowwhattosay,theyoftentalknonsense.The“creative”outputtheyproduceisbasedonamixtureofdatasourcedfromtheInternet,raisingissuesaroundaccuracy,privacyandintellectualproperty(知识产权).WhilemuchisunknownabouthowgenerativeAIwillinfluencetheworldeconomyandsociety,anditwilltaketimetoplayout,thereareclearsignsthattheeffectscouldbeprofound.Butintherealworld,AItoolswillstillneedhandlers.Thatmayevenendupcreatingnewjobs.42.WhatisthefunctionofParagraph1?A.ToshowthepopularityofAItools.B.TogiveexamplesofusinggenerativeAItools.C.Todrawreaders’attentiontothepossiblethreatofAI.D.TocomparetheimpactsofAIonblueandwhitecollars.43.AccordingtothestudybyOpenAI,AIcanreplacehumanswhen________.A.itcanperformcertaincreativetasks
B.automationispoweredbylarge-languagemodelsCitdevelopsimportanthumanqualitieslikeempathyD.Altoolsimproveproductivitywithoutdamagingquality44.Theauthorwouldprobablyagreethat________.A.AItoolsmayhelpincreaseemploymentB.AIwilleventuallytakeoverhumanjobsC.AIandautomationdomoreharmthangoodDhumanqualitiesarenotnecessaryforautomation第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。NicholasEpley,abehaviouralscientist,andIconductedaseriesofstudiesandconcludedthatkindactsassimpleasbuyingacupofcoffeeforsomeonecanpromoteaperson’shappiness.Everydaylifeaffordsmanyopportunitiesforsuchactions,yetpeopledonotalwayscatchthem.____45____Wefirstlystudiedactsofkindnessdoneforfamiliarpeoplesuchasfriends,classmatesorfamily.____46____Forinstance,inoneexperiment,peoplewrotenotestofriendsandfamily“justbecause”.Inanother,theygavecupcakesawaytoworkmates.Acrosstheseexperiments,weaskedboththepersonperformingakindactandtheonereceivingittofilloutquestionnaires(问卷).Acrossourstudies,severalstrongpatternsappeared.Forone,bothperformersandreceiversoftheactsofkindnesswereinmorepositivemoodsthannormalafterthesekindacts.____47____Thereceiversfeltsignificantlybetterthanthekindactorsexpected.Thereceiversalsoreliablyratedtheseactsas“bigger”thanthepeopleperformingthemdid.____48____Inoneexperiment,participantsatanice-skatingrink(溜冰场)inapublicparkgaveawayhotchocolatetopeopletheydidn’tknowonacoldwinterday.Again,theexperiencewasmorepositivethantheperformersexpectedforthereceivers.Althoughthepeoplegivingoutthehotchocolatesawtheactasrelativelysmall,itreallymatteredtothereceivers.Thesefindingssuggestthatwhatmightseemsmallwhenwearedecidingwhetherornottodosomethingniceforsomeoneelsecouldmatteragreatdealtothepersonwedoitfor,Thesewarmactscanimproveourownemotionalhealthandbrightenthedayofanotherperson.____49____A.Sowhynotchoosekindnesswhenwecan?
B.Foranother,itwasclearthatperformersundervaluedtheirimpacts.C.Fromonesituationtothenext,thespecificactsofkindnessdiffered.D.Wefoundthatparticipantsdidn’trealizetheirpositiveimpactsonstrangersaswell.E.Ourresearchalsorevealedonereasonwhypeoplemaynotrealizetheiractions’impacts.F.Wecomparedtheperformers’expectationofthereceivers’moodswiththeiractualexperiences.G.Itisbecausepeopleperformingkindactsundervaluehowmuchreceiversvaluetheirbehaviour.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。WhyLearningaNewLanguageIsGoodfortheWholeFamilyEverthoughtofmakinglanguagelearningpartofyourfamily’sactivities?Learninganewlanguagetogethercanhaveunexpectedemotionalbenefitsforthewholefamily.Combiningfamilytimewithlanguagelearningtimeisagreatwayformorequalitytime.Learninganewlanguageasafamilycanbeafungroupactivity.Everyonelovesagamenightormovienight.YoucanplaygameslikeBingo,usingvocabularyfromthetargetlanguage.Ormaybeyouhaveaparticularvacationdestinationyoulovewhereanotherlanguageiswidelyspoken—learningthatlanguagetogethercouldmakeyournextvacationevenmoreenjoyable.They’reafunwaytobreakupthedailyroutine(常规)andreconnectwiththoseyoulove.Languageisallaboutcommunicationandconnection.Learninganewlanguagebringsfamilymemberscloserbecausetheytalktoeachotherallthetimewhenlearning.Allyouhavetodoischangetoyournewlanguageandpracticewithyourfamilymemberswheneveryouwant-noclassroomneeded.Tellingfamilystorieswithwhatyouhaverecentlylearnedisagoodplacetostart,whichcouldinspirequestionsandadditionalconversations,andevencreateafamilect—secretwordsandphrasessharedonlyamongthemembersofyourfamily.Ifyourfamilyisbigongardeningmakelabels(标签)togetherforyourplantsandtools.Makingfunlabelsinyourtargetlanguagetogethercanalsohelpyouconnectwithlovedfamilymembers.Itopensupmoreopportunitieslikefamilycontests.Youcouldsurpriseeachotherwithnotesonpillows,bathroommirrors,insidedresserdrawers—anyplaceyourfamilywillfindthem.Usingthesewordslaterrecallsthesefamilymemories.Eachfamilyisreallyitsownlittleuniquesocialworld,andthatworldisbeingbuiltthroughlanguage.Thepoweroflanguagelearningliesinitsabilitytodrawpeopletogether.50.Accordingtothepassage,whatisagreatwaytohavemorequalitytimewithyourfamily?
________________51.Whydoesstudyinganewlanguagebringfamilymemberscloser?________________52.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Makingfunlabelstogetherforgardenplantsandtoolsinyourtargetlanguagecanhelpyouwinfamilycontests.________________53.Apartfromwhatismentionedinthepassage,whatotherbenefit(s)doyouthinklearningnewlanguagecanbringtoyou?(Inabout40words)________________第二节(20分)54.假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，你校将要举办主题为“变废为宝”的手工作品展。请用英文给英国交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.介绍该活动;2.邀请他参加。提示词：手工作品展handicraftsexhibition注意：1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,
