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北京市朝阳区高三年级第二学期质量检测一英语试卷(考试时间90分钟满分100分)本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。IgraspedasandwichasItriedtofinishmyworkduringlunch.Mycompany,likemanycompanies,had____1____costsbynotreplacingpeopleastheyleft.Thesurvivorshadtotakeupthework.Formeandmyco-workers,thismeantnolunchhour.Iwantedtoquit,butgiventheeconomy,itwashardtofindanotherjob.Ifelt____2____.Thenaconversationwithasix-year-oldgirlchangedmy____3____.Theyounggirlwasstandinginlinewithhermomatthesupermarket.“Gooddayatschool?”Iasked.Anod.“What’syourfavoritesubject?”“Lunch”Ismiled.Thathadbeenmy____4____too.Atlunch,Icouldtalkwithmyfriends,drawpicturesorplaygames.Therewerenoadultstotellmewhattodo.Thetimewasmine.Butwhathappenedtolunchtimenow?IknewIwasentitledtoalunchbreakatwork.SoIdecidedto____5____it.OurofficewaslocatedinthedowntownandIsetoutto____6____thearea.Afewblocksawaywasanartmuseumwithfreeadmission.AttheendofanotherstreetIwassurprisedtodiscoversomehorseseatinggrassinafield.Atthebeginningofmytoursduringlunch,Ireceivedsome____7____staresfrommyco-workers,butIchosetoignorethem.Infact,Iwatchedinamazementthatsomeofthemstartedto____8____theirworkduringlunch.____9____,westartedinvitingeachotheroutforwalksanddiscoveredwehadothertopicsofconversationbeyondthecommoncomplaintsaboutwork.I’mstilllookingforanewposition,butwithlessanxietythanbefore.Ifwecan’tchangeour____10____,wecanchangeourattitude.1.A.countedB.cutC.paidD.raised
2.A.trappedB.fearfulC.shockedD.hurt3.A.workB.wayC.viewD.plan4.A.decisionB.explanationC.secretD.answer5.A.takeB.makeC.findD.stop6.A.exploreB.measureC.developD.identify7.A.innocentB.determinedC.sympatheticD.unpleasant8.A.carryonB.takeoverC.putasideD.gothrough9.A.GenerallyB.GraduallyC.AccidentallyD.Obviously10.A.strategiesB.circumstancesC.responsibilitiesD.principles第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。MysonZacksufferedfromautism(自闭症)whenhewastwo.Watchingamovietogetherwasanimportantroutineforus.Onanordinaryspringday,wewereenjoyingoneofhisfavoritemoviesthathe____11____(see)manytimesbefore.Itookhishandasusual.Suddenlyhestoodupandwrappedhisarmsaroundmeinabigbearhug.Youcouldimagine____12____excitedIwas.Althoughitwasjustahug,itmeantalottome,____13____(fill)mewithgreatjoy.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Thisyear,the13thSpringFestivalJointExhibitionofChineseBooks,____14____themewas“ReadingChina”,washeldonJanuary24thin85bookstoresworldwide.It____15____(carry)outavarietyofactivitiessuchasbookexhibitionsandculturalperformances.Booksdisplayedintheexhibitionwerephilosophicalandartistic,whichcloselymettheneedsofoverseasreaders.Overall,thisyear’sbookexhibitionpresentedthenewestand____16____(fine)ChinesepublicationstolocalreaderssothattheycouldbetterunderstandChinainthenewera.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ChatGPTisanewartificialintelligencetechnology____17____(create)byOpenAI.Itenablesmachinestounderstandandrespondtohumanconversationsina____18____(nature)andconversationalway.ChatGPThas
shakenthetechworldsinceitwasopenedforpublicuselastyear.Whileitcertainlycomesacrossasknowledgeable,it’sfar____19____perfect.Itcannotanswerquestionsaboutthingsthathavehappenedrecentlybecauseit____20____(train)usingdatafrom2021andbefore.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheEconomicandSocialCouncil(ECOSOC)YouthForumisanannualinitiativeofthePresidentoftheCouncil.IthasdevelopedintoakeyplatformwhereyoungpeoplecancontributetopolicydiscussionsattheUnitedNations(UN).Thisyear’sYouthForumwilltakeplacefrom25to27April,2023.·ObjectivesTheForumaimstoengageyoungpeopleinadialoguewithMemberStates,policymakersandotheractorstovoicetheirviewsandinspireactionsonhowtotransformtheworldintoabetterplaceguidedbytheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs).ParticipantswillalsohavetheopportunitytocontributetothepreparatoryprocessoftheSDGSummit.The2023ForumwilladdressthethemeonspeedinguptherecoveryfromtheCOVID-19andthefullimplementation(实施)ofthe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment.Itwillalsoreviewprogressintheareasofaffordableandcleanenergy,andsustainablecitiesandcommunities,ete.·FormatThethree-dayeventwillfeatureplenary(全体出席的)sessionsandregionallybaseddiscussions,withthelastdaydesignedforthepreparationofthe2023SDGSummit.Talentedyouthspeakerswilldelivershortpresentationsinbetweensessions.ParticipationintheForumisbyinvitationonly.TheyouthparticipantsareselectedbyNationalYouthCouncils,regionalyouthorganizations,etc.Theeventwillbeheldinamixedwayallowingforopportunitiesforin-personandvirtualparticipation.Participantswillalsobeabletoaskquestionsviasocialmedia.·Thevoicesfromlastyear’sparticipants2022ForumParticipantsTakeaway!“TheYouthForumgavemetheopportunityto2022ForumParticipants’Advice!“Usingsourcestheteamprovideswillincreasethe
discovertheskillsrequiredtomasterpublicspeaking.Thetimemanagementischallengingbutwefinishedalltasksevenwithatightschedule.”efficiencyandeffectivenessofcompletingtasks.Ialsostronglyadvisethemtobeopentohearingeveryone’sdifferentopinionsfromanobjectivepointofview.”21.TheECOSOCYouthForum2023will________.AdiscusstheglobalrecoveryissueB.selecttheyouthleadersfortheUNC.setgoalsforsustainabledevelopmentD.gatheryoungpeopletobuildaplatform22.Accordingtothepassage,theyoungparticipantscan________.A.registertojoinintheForumpersonallyB.givebriefspeechesinplenarysessionsC.takepartintheeventonlineandofflineD.attendtheSDGSummitaftertheForum23.Whatistheadvicefrom2022participants?A.Tobewillingtoconsidervariousvoices.BTomaketimearrangementsatoppriority.C.Tomasterpublicspeakingskillsinadvance.D.Tobeefficientwiththehelpofpolicymakers.BIwasfourwhenDadfirstshowedmehowtoskimstones,agameinwhichonethrowssmoothflatstonesintoarivertomakethemjumpacrossthesurface.I’dpasshoursonbeacheswithmybrother,pickingupmuddystonesandskimmingthem.Itwassatisfyingmakingthemdanceonthesurface.Thatperfectskim,wherethestoneglided(滑行),broughtmefantasticfeelings-andstilldoes.Iwasacompetitivechildandgoodatthrowing.Ienjoyedjavelin(标枪)andwasonabaseballteam,butskimmingstoneswasjustforfun.Inadulthood,thingschanged.InAugust2017,anadvertisementfortheAllEnglandOpenStoneSkimmingChampionshipsdrewmyattention.Isignedupandpaid£2forthreestones.Iskimmed28metresandtriedagainandagain,buyingmorestonestofeedmydesire,finallyreaching37metres,whichwonmethirdplace.Idrovehomeexcitedly,and£20lighter.Ireturnedtothe2018championship,hopingforachampion.Walkingontothesmallthrowingplatforminmy
trainers,Ithrewadecent44metresandwon.Ispottedsomeonewearingacompetitionsweaterwith“World”writtenacrossit.“Where’sthat?”IaskedandhetoldmeabouttheannualWorldStoneSkimmingChampionshipsinScotland.Itwasamonthawayandasix-hourdrive.Ithoughtaboutthecostanddistanceforweeksuntil,thedaybeforethecontest,thefeelingofwinningmadeadecisionforme.“I’mgoing.”Iarrivedatahotelat10pm,butcouldn’tsleepfornervesandexcitement.Earlythenextmorning,Idrovetothecrossingwherethecompetitorshadbegunwaiting.Ropesandbuoys(浮标)markeda63-metrecouarse.Ihadnoideaifmybestscorewasgoodenoughtowin.Whenmynamewascalledattheprize-givingceremonythatafternoon,Iwasoverjoyed.Iwasthewomen’sworldchampion.I’mabigbelieveringivingthingsago.I’m42,andtobecomeaworldchampionatthisstageisprettyleft-field.Itshowedmeitwasworthjumpinginthecarthatday,andproofthatachildhoodspentthrowingmuddystonesfrombeacheswasn’twasted.24.Whatdidtheauthorenjoyaboutthestoneskimmingasachild?A.Thecompetitivenessofthesport.B.Theoutstandingabilityatthrowing.C.Thesatisfactiontheglideofthestonebrings.D.Thefuntimeshespentwithherdadatthebeach.25.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorallthewaythrougheverychampionship?A.Herdiscipline.B.Herdesiretowin.C.Herconfidence.D.Hereffortsontraining.26.Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A.Takeiteasyinfaceofchallenges.B.Changetheworldbybeingyourself.C.Abiggerstageisreadyforthosewhotry.D.EitherIwillfindaway,orIwillmakeone.CClownfishlivetheiradultlivesintheprotectivearmsofseaanemones,thesmallbrightlycoloredseaanimalsattachedontorockstohouseclownfish.Betweenbirthandadulthood,however,thefishhavetocompleteatreacherousjourney.Afterhatching,theyswimouttotheopenseatofinishdeveloping.Aftermaturing,theyoung
fishswimback,duringwhichtheyhavetoavoida“wallofmouths”bysensingtheunfriendlysmells.Withoceanacidification,atrendthatisoccurringworldwide,scientistsbegantowonderwhatmighthappentofish’ssenseofsmell.Myteamput300recentlyhatchedclownfishinourlab.Whenweintroducedafriendlyfishodor(气味),theydidnotreact.Butwhenweintroducedanenemyodor,theyswamaway.Wethenrepeatedtheexperimentwith300newhatchlingsfromthesameparentsinthemoreacidicwater-alevelwecanexpectbytheyear2100ifcurrenttrendscontinue.Whenweintroducedfriendlyandunfriendlysmellsatthesametime,thefishseemedunabletomakeuptheirminds,spendingequaltimeswimmingtowardonesmellandtheother.Theycouldsensechemicalsignalsbutcouldn’trecognizethemeaningofthem.Itisalwaystrickytosaythatbehaviorsseeninalabwouldalsobeseeninthewild.SowewenttoasandylakenearoneoftheGreatBarrierReef’snorthernislandstotesthowwild-caughtdamselfishwouldreacttoenemysmellsafterexposingthemtoacidicwater.Inatank,abouthalfofthemheldinwaterwithacidityexpectedby2050wereattractedtotheunfriendlyodorandhalfwerenot,yetnotoneheldinwateranticipatedby2100avoidedbeingattractedtotheenemyodor.Wethenletthemarkeddamselfishlooseinthelake.Thefishonceheldinthemostacidicwaterswamfartherawayfromtheirprotectivehome.Canfishadapt?Moststudieshavehabituatedfishtoliftedacidicconditionsoverafewdaysormonths-anextremelyshortlengthoftime.Theanimalsarenotgivenarealisticopportunitytoadapt.Yetsomescientiststhoughtthatfishmightescapetheangerofoceanacidification,inpartbecauseearlyresearchdoneinthe1980sshowedthatcertainanimalshadanastonishingabilitytoregulatetheirinternalchemistrytosurviveacidifiedwater.Butmaintainingnormalfunctionssuchasavoidingdangerisadifferentchallenge.Ataminimum,confusioncouldplaceyetanotherstressoronfishalreadychallengedbyrisingwatertemperatures,overfishing,etc.Further,ifmanyoceancreaturesstarttobehavestrangely,entirefoodwebsandecosystemscouldcomecrashingdown.Althoughthescienceisstillnew,theresultsappeartobeliningup:oceanacidificationismessingwithfish’sminds.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“treacherous”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Risky.B.Hurried.C.Mysterious.D.Helpless.28.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefishintheacidicwater?A.Theylosttheirsensestochemicalsignals.B.Theywerelesslikelytorespondtothreats.C.Theirbehaviorinthelabdisappearedinthewild.
D.Theytendedtoseektheprotectionfromtheirhome.29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Theauthor’sstudyconfirmspreviousfindings.B.Fish’sadaptationtoacidicwaterisamatteroftime.C.Differentfishesbehavedifferentlytoaciditychange.D.Thechancesofrestoringfish’smindsareyettobeseen.30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhatDoDifferentStressorsDotoOceanCreatures?B.WhatDoesOceanAcidityMeantoOceanCreatures?C.HowDoesOceanAcidificationDestroytheEcosystem?D.HowDoOceanCreaturesAdapttoOceanAcidification?DAsnake-robotdesigneratechnologist,anextradimensionalphysicistandajournalistwalkintoaroom.Thejournalistturnstothecrowdandasks:Shouldwebuildhousesontheocean?Likeathink-tankpanel,membersoftheteamdreamupfar-outanswerstothecrucialproblem,suchasself-drivinghousingunitsthatcouldparkontopofoneanotherinthecoastalcitycenter.ThesettingisX,theenterprisewhichconsidersmorethan100ideaseachyear,inareasrangingfromcleanenergytoartificialintelligence.Althoughonlyatinypercentagebecome“projects”withfar-reachingcreativity,theseprojectsexist,ultimately,tochangetheworld,likeWaymo,thebiggestself-driving-carcompany.Inthepast60years,somethingstrangehashappened.Astheacademicstudyofcreativityhasthrived(蓬勃发展),thelabelinnovationmayhavecoveredeverytinychangeofasodacanoratoothpasteflavor,buttherateofproductivitygrowthhasbeenmostlydecliningsincethe1970s.JohnFernald,aneconomist,pointsoutthatthenotableexceptiontothepost-1970declineinproductivityoccurredwhenbusinessesthroughouttheeconomyfinallyfiguredoutthebreakthroughtechnology-informationtechnology.JohnFernaldsays,“It’spossiblethatproductivitytookoff,becausewepickedallthelow-hangingfruitfromtheITwave.”Actually,theworldeconomycontinuestoharvestthebenefitsofIT.Butwherewillthenexttechnologyshockcomefrom?Breakthroughtechnologyresultsfromtwodistinctactivities-inventionandinnovation.Inventionistypicallytheworkofscientistsandresearchersinlabs,whileinnovationisaninventionputtocommercialuse.Seldomdothetwoactivitiesoccursuccessfullyunderthesameroof.Theytendtothriveinoppositeconditions;whilecompetitionandconsumerchoiceencourageinnovation,inventionhashistoricallyprogressedinlabsthatareprotectedfromthepressuretogenerateprofit.
Allowingwell-fundedanddiverseteamstotrytosolvebigproblemsiswhatgaveusthecomputerandtheInternet.Today,wefailtogiveattentiontoplantingtheseedsofthiskindofambitiousresearch,whilecomplainingabouttheharvest.“Companiesarereallygoodatcombiningexistingbreakthroughsinwaysthatconsumerslike.Butthebreakthroughscomefrompatientandcuriousscientists,nottherushtomarket,”saysJonGertner,theauthorofTheIdeaFactory.“Technologyisatalltree,”JohnFernaldsaid.“Butplantingtheseedsofinventionandharvestingthefruitofinnovationareentirelydistinctskills,oftenmasteredbydifferentorganizationsandseparatedbymanyyears.”Asforme,bothofthemareessentialfortechnology,althoughtheyarerelativelyindependent.Idon’tthinkXisaplanteroraharvester,actually.Itislikebuildingtallerladders.Nobodyknowsforsurewhat,ifanything,theemployeesatsuchenterprisesaregoingtofinduponthoseladders.Butthey’rereaching.Atleastsomeoneis.31.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Topresenttheprocessofgroupdiscussion.B.ToillustrateX’sworryaboutbigproblems.C.Torevealtheimportanceofthecrazyideas.D.Tostressthevariedbackgroundsoftheteam.32.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Breakthroughsmuststandthetestofthemarket.B.Innovationonnecessitiescanpromoteproductivity.C.Inventiondevelopsslowlyunderthepressureofprofit.D.Theharvestofinnovationliesinsomeambitiousresearch.33.RegardingJohnFernald’sviewontechnology,theauthoris____.A.supportiveB.cautiousC.uncertainD.critical34.WhatcanbeinferredaboutXfromthepassage?A.Itwillfocusoninnovation.B.Itwillhaveitsoutcomesoon.C.Itmaygiveintoitsfruitlessreality.D.Itmaybringanencouragingoutlook.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Onceuponatime,wewereallquestion-askingexperts.Westartedaskingourparentsnumerousquestionsaskids.Bypreschool,ourinquiriesevenreachedthedepthsofscience,philosophy,andthesocialorder.Wheredoesthesungoatnight?Whydoesn’tthatmanhaveahomelikewedo?Whydorockssinkbuticefloats?____35____Whydoesthechild’surgetoaskquestionsgrowinactiveinsomanyadults?Animportantfactorishowthesocialenvironmentssurroundinguschangeasweage.Schoolstransformfromaplaceforaskingquestionstoonefundedbyourabilitytoanswerthem.____36____Andwerecognizethatsocietyrewardsthepeoplewhoproposetohavetheanswers.____37____Wecanbebraveraboutaskingquestionsinpublicandencouragingotherstopursuetheircuriosity,too.Inthatencouragement,wehelpcreateanenvironmentwherethosearoundusfeelsafetoaskquestions.Whenitcomestohowwephrasequestions,weareadvisedtoopenwithlesssensitivequestions,favorfollow-upquestions,andkeepquestionsopen-ended.Wecanalsopracticeaskingquestionsofandforourselvesbykeepingarunninglistofquestionsinajournal.____38____Finally,wecouldsetasidetimetoaskabsurdquestionslike“Howwouldyouaccomplishaweek’sworkintwohours?”Thistypeofquestionsforcesustobreaktheboundariesofourcomfortzone.Intheworldthatdoesnotlookmuchasitdidyearsago,wemustaskquestions.____39____Greatquestionscanopenupourcapacitytochangebecausetheyallowustodrawpeoplein,openingthemuptosharingknowledge,ideas,andopinions.Andtheyarealsoourprimarymeansoflearningabouttheworld.Inshort,askingquestionsisthebestwaytodeepenourunderstandingofthethingsthatmattertoourlife.Asanychildcouldprobablytellusifweasked.A.Then,atsomepoint,ourinquiringdesiresdisappear.B.Itisahigh-payoffbehaviorespeciallyintimesofchange.C.Thequestionsweaskdependonourattitudesaswellasthesituations.D.Butaswegrowup,askingquestionsfillsuswithworryandself-doubt.E.Assuch,onewaytorenewourinquiringspiritistochangetheatmosphere.F.Welearntosellourselvesonthejobmarketbywhatweknow,notwhatwedon’t.G.Itnotonlyremovesthepublicityfromquestionasking,butoffersusaplacetoexperiment.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。OvertheyearsIhavebeenfascinatedtoreadaboutstudiesintothepoweroftouch.Onefamousstudyexaminedvideosofhowpeoplerespondedtothosenearthemwhohadbeenthevictimofa
badfortune.Researcherslookedattheirinteractionwiththevictim,andcomparedthiswithbehaviourinnon-humanprimates(灵长类动物).Itfoundthathumansandprimatescomfortoneanotheranddemonstratecareinasimilarway.Itmakessenseformethatofferinghugstocalmvictimsmaybeaninstinctthatwegotfromprimateancestors.Anotherstudyfoundthatwhenthehusbandorwifeofapatientinsorrowordiscomfortreachesoutandholdstheirhandand,asifbymagic,theybecomesettledandlesssorrowful.Perhapsweshouldn’tbesurprised,aswehaveknownformanyyearsabouttheimportanceoftouch.Itsymbolizessafetyandlove,andthisisactuallyoneofthemostimportantaspectsfordevelopmentasachild.Isitanywonderthat,whenweareupsetanddistressedasadults,weseekoutthesamethings?Whetheryoungorold,humansarewiredtobetouched.Nevertheless,manypeopletodaysufferfrom“touchhunger”,whichtypicallyoccurswhenapersonexperienceslittletouchorcontactforalongtime.Itservesasawarningthatthesenseofsecurityandcarethatcomeswiththecontactoftouchismissing.Thus,theirwell-beingcansuffer.Itisassociatedwithgreaterstress,anxietyandloneliness,andlower-qualitysleep.Actually,eventhebriefesttouchfromuscanbringstrongemotionalexperiencestothereceiverswhosufferfrom“touchhunger”.Awarmhandshake,agentlepatontheshoulder,orahigh-fiveisoftenenoughtoconveyloveandcare.Beagiver!40.Whatdidthefirststudyfindabouttouch?____________________________________________________________41.Whyistouchimportant?____________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Touchhasthegreatpowertogivepeoplewhosufferfrom“touchhunger“strongemotionalexperiences,butabrieftouchlikeahandshakeistoolighttoconveyloveandcare.____________________________________________________________43.Apartfromtouch,whatotherway(s)doyouoftenusetoexpressyourloveandcareinyourlife?(Inabout40words)____________________________________________________________第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你正在组建与英语学习相关的研究性学习小组，请你用英文给你校交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加，内容包括：1.介绍研究的具体内容和意义；
2.说明邀请原因和其他相关事宜。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。提示词：研究性学习research-basedlearningDearJim,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua
