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北京市东城区2022-2023学年度高三第二学期综合练习(一)英语试卷本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Bernard,the82-year-oldretiredpoliceofficer,washeartbrokenwhenhe____1____hispreciousmedal.HishousewasbrokenintolastDecember.Thethieftookawaysomejewelry,somecashandhistreasuredmedalgivenforhis32yearsof____2____withLiverpoolPoliceStation.Hebelievedthemedalwasgoneforever.Threemonthslater,David,ayoungvolunteerpulledthemedalfromariverina“one-in-a-million”catch.Theyoungmanwasinalitterclean-upprogrammeinLiverpool.Hehadbeenusingalargemagnet(磁铁)to____3____metalrubbishoutoftheriverfor30minuteswhenhefoundasmallbluemetalbox.“Iwouldhaveneverfoundthemedalifwehadn’t____4____alltherubbishintheriverfirst,”saidDavid.“Atfirst,wefoundoldbitsofshoppingcartsandothermetalitemsbutabouthalfanhourlater,Ipulledoutthe____5____,andit’sgot‘PoliceLongServiceMedal’writtenonit,Itreallywaslikefindinganeedleinahaystack(干草堆).”____6____,themedalwascarvedwithBernard’snameandthemedalnumber,whichDavidusedto____7____thesenior’sphonenumberonline.Theretiredpoliceofficerwas____8____whenhereceivedacallsayingthemedalhadbeenfoundinariver,stillinitsmetalbox.Andwhenhewastolditwouldbe____9____tohimbytheyoungmanwhofoundit,hisfacelitup.DavidthenplannedavisittomeetBernardandreturnedthemedaltohim.“Thiswastrulythebest_____10_____forcleaningupthatrubbish...It’samazing,”Davidsaid.1.A.damagedB.lostC.soldD.dirtied2.A.businessB.communicationC.cooperationD.service3.A.netB.siteC.cupD.fish4.A.tackledB.desertedC.recycledD.buried5.A.magnetB.rubbishC.boxD.jewelry6A.ApparentlyB.ThankfullyC.GraduallyD.Consequently
7.A.trackB.recallC.recordD.dial8.A.nervousB.astonishedC.proudD.embarrassed9.A.awardedB.submittedC.presentedD.addressed10.A.driveB.proofC.wishD.reward第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Onaparticularsunnyday,littleMykelwasdeterminedtolearntoridehisbikewithoutthehelpoftrainingwheels.Whentheneighborhoodkids____11____(spot)Mykelshakilycontrollinghisbike,theyracedover____12____(help).Someheldthebikesteadywhileothersofferedencouragement.Mykelwasnotaloneashetriedtoreachhisgoaloflearningtoridehisbike!Somethingsare____13____(easy)saidthandone.However,withalittlehelpfromfriends,thingsgobetter!B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Renewablemethodsfor____14____(produce)electricity,suchaswindturbinesandsolarpanels,canonlyprovidepoweronthedays____15____windblowsorthesunshines.Electricbatteries____16____(use)tostoreenergyareexpensiveandcanalsobepolluting.Finnishscientistscameupwithasimplesolutionthatputsunwantedgreenelectricitytowork,heating100tonsofsandtoaround500℃.Thesandstayshotformonths;whenenergy____17____(require),aircanbepumpedthroughitandheatedup.Theairinturnheatsasystemthatsupplieshotwatertoheatnearbyhouses.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Theideaofwritingapoemmightfeelfrightening____18____(initial)—doyouneedtofollowacertainstructure,doesitneedtohavearhyme,ordoyouneedtohaverecitedadictionarytobea“proper”poet?Thetruthis:absolutelynot.Whilethereare“types”ofpoemthatofferstructuretoserve____19____aguide,therealityisthatpoetrydoesn’thavetofollowasetofrules—it’smuchmoreaboutconveyingafeeling,andthatopensupalotofcreative____20____(free)forustoexplore.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AEveryyear,young,talented,andambitiousnatureconservationistsfromallovertheworldshoottheirshotfortheFutureForNature(FFN)Award,anhonorableinternationalaward.TheFutureForNatureaimsto:·Rewardandfundindividualsfortheiroutstandingeffortsintheprotectionofspeciesofwildanimalsandplants.·Stimulateawardwinnerstosustaintheirdedicatedwork.·Helpwinnerstoraisetheirprofile,extendtheirprofessionalnetworkandstrengthentheirfundingbasis.Benefits·Thewinnerseachreceive50,000eurosandmaymaketheirowndecisiontospendthemoneyintheserviceofnatureconservation.·FFNoffersthewinnersaplatformandbringstheirstoriestotheattentionofconservationists,financiersandawideaudience,allowingthemtoincreasetheirimpactandgainmoreaccesstofunds.·FFNisbuildingagrowingfamilyofwinners,dedicatedpeoplewhoformacommunityofpeoplewiththesameinterest.FFNoffersthemtheopportunitytomeeteachotherandcontinuetolearnwitheachotherinordertocontinuetheirfightfornatureasefficientlyandeffectivelyaspossible.QualificationsThecandidate：·Mustbebornonorafterthe31stMay1988andbeforethe31stMay2005.·Isabletoexplainhis/herconservationworkinfluentEnglish(writtenandspoken).·Hasachievedsubstantialandlong-termbenefitstotheconservationstatusofoneormoreanimalorplantspecies.·Mustbedeterminedtocontinuehis/herconservationwork,astheawardaimstostimulatethewinner’sfuturework.Itisnotan“endofcareer”prize.AdditionalRemarksForthe2023FutureForNatureAward,weareagainsearchingfornaturalleaders,whohaveproventhattheycanmakeadifferenceinspecies’survival.Fromallapplications,6to10nominees(被提名者)willbeselected.Theseapplicantswillbeaskedtoprovide
additionalinformation,whichwillbeusedtoselectthefinalawardees.Ultimately,threeinspiringwildlifeheroesareselectedasthewinners.ApplicationProcess:ApplyonlinethroughtheApplyNowlink.ApplicationDeadline:May1st,2023.21.WhichisoneoftheaimsoftheFutureForNature?A.Toaidmoregreengroups.B.Tofundacademiceducation.C.Toinspireconservationefforts.D.Toraiseenvironmentalawareness.22.Thewinnerswillgetthechanceto________.A.consulttopspecialistsB.meetlike-mindedpeopleCbenefitthelocalcommunityD.promoteself-createdplatforms23.Toapplyforthe2023FutureForNatureAward,candidatesmust________.A.meettheagerequirementB.applyviamailbythedeadlineC.turnintheapplicationinEnglishD.provideadditionalpersonalinformationBThesignonthelibrarian’sdeskread:“ReadersWantedforProjectReadAloud.”Sherenestaredatitasthelibrarianstampedthebookthatshehadselectedforherweeklyreadingfarewithareturnbydate.“WhatisProjectReadAloud?”Shereneasked.“Here’sthebrochureaboutit.There’saforminsidetofilloutifyouwanttobecomeareader.Thereisnopay,bytheway,”thelibrariansaidwithasmile.Sherenewalkedhome.Shelovedlivingwithinwalkingdistanceofhertown’spubliclibrary.Shelovedtositinoneoftheoverstuffedreadingchairsinthereadingroomwiththesmellofbooksallaroundherandloseherselfinabook.Shehadmovedawayafterhighschoolandhadrecentlymovedback.Thelibraryandfondmemoriesofherchildhoodhaddrawnherbacktothissmalltown.Oncehome,shesatdowntoreadthebrochure,whichsaid,“ProjectReadAloudseekstoprovidetheopportunityofhearingstoriesreadaloudinacomfortablesetting.”Thatisafinegoal,shethought.Sherenefilledouttheform.Shelovedreadingaloud.Whenshewasachild,shereadaloudtoherteddybear.Later,whenshegrewupandbecameateacher,shereadaloudtoherstudentsmanytimesthroughouttheday.Sinceherretirement,shereadaloudonlytoherselfandBoots,hercat.Itwouldfeelsogoodtohaveahumanaudienceonceagaintosharestorieswith.Acoupleofdayslater,Sherenesatinthenowemptysmalltheatreinthelibrary,preparingthefirststoryshewasgoingtoread.Soon,theaudiencebegantowanderinandfindtheirseats.Thetheatrewashalffullinhalfan
hour.Sherenesteppedtotheedgeofthestageandintroducedherself.Sheexplainedtheoriginofthestory,openedthebookandbegantoread.Shewovethetalemasterfullycreatingvoicesforthecharacters,pausingforemphasis,andtakingthelistenersintoanotherworld.WhenSherenereadthelastwordsofthestory,therewasamomentarysilenceasitallsankintothelistenersandthenaburstofenthusiasticapplause.Atthatmoment,understandingdidgrowinthetownthroughthesharingofstories.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutSherene?A.Sheusedtobeateacher.B.Shelivedfarfromthelibrary.C.Shelikedhearingstoriesreadaloud.D.Shewasinvolvedinmanysocialactivities.25.WhydidSherenejoininProjectReadAloud?A.Shewantedtomakenewfriends.B.Theproject’sgoalsuitedherinterest.C.Theprojectbroughtherextraincome.D.Sheneededtoimproveherreadingability.26.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeSherene’sfirstperformance?A.Meaningfulandhumorous.B.Novelandamusing.C.Impressiveandconventional.D.Vividandabsorbing.CManypeoplehaveparticipatedintolotsofvirtualmeetingstheseyears.Someresearchshowsthisadjustmentmightnotimpactworkplaceproductivitytoanygreatdegree.Anewstudy,though,suggestsotherwise.Inthestudy,602participantswererandomlypairedandaskedtocomeupwithcreativeusesforaproduct.Theywerealsorandomlyselectedtoworktogethereitherinpersonorvirtually.Thepairswerethenrankedbyassessingtheirtotalnumberofideas,aswellasthoseconcepts’degreeofnovelty,andaskedtosubmittheirbestidea.Amongthegroups,virtualpairscameupwithsignificantlyfewerideas,suggestingthatsomethingaboutface-to-faceinteractiongeneratesmorecreativeideas.Thefindingscouldstiffenemployers’resolvetourgeorrequiretheiremployeestocomebacktotheoffice.“Weranthisexperimentbasedonfeedbackfromcompaniesthatitwashardertoinnovatewithremoteworkers,”saidleadresearcherMelanieBrucks.“Unlikeotherformsofvirtualcommunication,likephonecallsore-mail,videoconferencingcopiesthein-personexperiencequitewell,soIwassurprisedwhenwefoundmeaningfuldifferencesbetweenin-personandvideointeractionforideageneration.”Whenrandomobjectswereplacedinboththevirtualandphysicalrooms,thevirtualpairsofparticipantsspentmoretimelookingdirectlyateachotherratherthanlettingtheirlookwanderabouttheroomandtakingintheentirescene.Eyeingone’swholeenvironmentandnoticingtherandomobjectswereassociatedwithincreased
ideageneration.Onplatforms,thescreenoccupiesourinteractions.Ourlookwaversless.“Lookingawaymightcomeacrossasrude,”saidBrucks,“sowehavetolookatthescreenbecausethatisthedefinedcontextoftheinteraction,thesamewaywewouldn’twalktoanotherroomwhiletalkingtosomeoneinperson.”Likemosteducators,Bruckshasprimarilytaughtvirtuallyinthepastthreeyears,andshedidnoticesomebenefitsoftheapproachaswell.Herstudentsweremorelikelytotaketurnsspeakingandhershyerstudentsspokeupmoreoften,ridoftheanxietythatcomesfromaddressingalargeclassroom.Brucksfoundthatonesolutiontoimprovingvirtualideagenerationmightbetosimplyturnoffthecamera,forherstudentsfelt“freer”andmorecreativewhenaskedtodoso.Andthismaybesoundadvicefortheworkplace.Virtualteamworkcan’treplaceface-to-faceteamwork.Ideaselectionproficiency(能力)isonlyvaluableifyouhavestrongoptionstoselectfrom,andface-to-faceteamsarethebestmeanstogeneratewinningoptions.Perhapstheworkplacewillfindacompromise—asweetspotinthemiddlethatbalancesworkingfrombothhomeandoffice.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stiffen”inParagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Shake.B.Revise.C.Challenge.D.Strengthen.28.Atfirst,leadresearcherMelanieBrucksmightthinkthat________.A.videoconferencingcan’tcomparewithin-personcommunicationB.participantsshouldmakeeyecontactinanonlinemeetingC.thefeedbackfromcompaniesseemsquestionableD.creativeideasmayemergefromcasualthoughts29.WhatcanwelearnaboutBrucks’class?A.Herstudentsrelievedanxietybyspeakingup.B.Herstudentsprogressedinfocusingattention.C.Herstudentstookadvantageofvirtuallearning.D.Herstudentsdisplayedtalentforpublicspeaking.30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.InteractingVirtuallyImpactsWorkingParticipationB.MaintainingTeamworkImprovesIdeaGenerationC.GroupingRandomlyIncreasesProductivityD.BrainstormingOnlineLimitsCreativityDArguably,thebiggestsciencedevelopmentoftheyeartodatehasbeentheimagesoftheverydepthsoftheuniversetakenbytheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST).Thoseimagesbegacomparisonbetweentheexternalandinternaluniversesthatscienceisbentonobservingandunderstanding.Decadesago,astrophysicistCarlSaganfamouslysaid,“Theuniverseisalsowithinis.We’remadeofstar-stuff.Weareawayfortheuniversetoknowitself.”Hewascommentingthenontherealitythatourinternal
universewasascomplexandasfantasticastheouterspace.Therearemanysimilaritiesbetweentheprogresswe’vemadeinunderstandingtheuniverseandinpiecingtogetherlife’sinnerworkings.LikethetechnologicaldevelopmentsthattookusfromGalileo’stelescopetotheHubbletotheJWST,lifesciencetoolshavealsoimprovedrapidly.Fromearlylightmicroscopestomodernsuper-resolutionones,thesedevelopmentshaveaffordedresearchersadeeplookintobiology’sinfinitesimal(无限小的)landscape.Learningthatlivingthingswerecomposedofcellswas,notaterriblylongtimeago,arevolutionaryobservation.Sincethen,scientistshavebeenabletodiveeverdeeperintothecomponentsoflife.Goingbeyondmerelyobservingthecomplicatedmakeupoforganisms,lifescientistscannowdiscovertheworkingsofmolecules(分子).Andthatiswherescanningtheuniversediffersfrompeeringintobiology.Understandingtheuniverse,especiallyfromafunctionalstandpoint,isnotnecessarilyanimmediateurgency.Understandingbiologyonthatlevelis.Simplyobservingtheamazinginternalstructureofcellsisnotenough.Biologistsmustalsocharacterizehowallthosepartsinteractandchangeindifferentenvironmentsandwhenfacedwithvariouschallenges.Beingabletoimageavirusorbacteriumisniceatthelevelofbasicscience.Butknowinghowvirusesgainentryintocellsandspread,infect,anddisablecanliterallysavelives.Throughtime,biologyhasrisentothismechanisticchallenge.Notonlycanlifesciencetoolsproduceimagesofcellcomponents,evenmoreimportantly,theycanhelppredicttheeffectsofdrugsonreceptors,ofimmunecellsonforeigninvaders(入侵者),andofgeneticperturbations(基因干扰)ondevelopmentandaging.Thisisnottobelittletheworkofscientistsresearchingintouniverse.Theyshouldrightlybepraisedfordeliveringviewsofimpossiblydistant,impossiblymassivephenomena.Myaimistocelebratetheseaccomplishmentswhileatthesametimerecognizingthatscience’sinwardsearchfordetailandinsightisequallyimpressiveand,inmyview,moreurgent.Theoutputofboththeoutwardandinwardexplorationsshouldstimulatewonderineveryone.Afterall,it’sallstar-stuff.31.WhydoestheauthorquoteCarlSagan’scommentinParagraph2?A.Tointroducethebackground.B.Toproveanassumption.C.Tomakeacomparison.D.Topresentanidea.32.Likethestudyoftheuniverse,lifesciencehasbeenadvancingin________.A.studyapproachesB.systemmanagementC.researchfacilitiesD.technologyintegration33.WecaninferfromParagraph4thatbiologists’workis________.A.practicalB.riskyC.flexibleD.popular34.Asforlifescience,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?
A.Ithasreceiveduniversalrecognition.B.Itshouldenjoypriorityindevelopment.C.Itcanbeappliedinthemajorityofareas.D.Itismorecomplicatedthanspacescience.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Withclimatechangecontinuingtoworsenoursituationisbeginningtofeelincreasinglyserious.____35____Isitright?Maybenot.Techno-optimismisoneofthegreatestmisconceptionswhenitcomestosolutionstoensureourfuture.Itcanbedefinedasabeliefthatfuturetechnologieswillsolveallofourcurrentproblems.Thisdefinitionreinforces(强化)theideathatthere’snoreasontopanicorchangeourcurrentenergy-intensivelifestyle.Allsocietyneedstodoislooktogreentechnologytoworkitsmagic.____36____Oneofthebestexamplesofthisoptimisticmisconceptionistheelectriccar.Despitebeinghighlyregardedasaneco-friendlywaytogetaround,electriccarsarenottheendforthefutureoftransport.Batteriesinelectriccarsusechemicalelementswhichwecouldbeseeingashortageofbythemidcentury.____37____Techno-optimismhasledmanytobelievethatifeveryonejustswitchedtodrivingelectricvehicles,wewouldbemakingincrediblestepstowardssustainability.However,therealityisthattheamountofresourcesandenergyneededtoproduceenoughelectricvehiclesforeveryoneisnotevenremotelysustainable.____38____Investinginpublictransportationandmovingawayfromindividuallyownedvehicles.Producingfewercars.Improvingrecyclingpracticesofoldbatteries.Thesolutionsweseekshouldnotberootedinnewtechnology,butbeaboutchangingthewayoursocietyfunctions.Techno-optimismputstoomuchemphasisontechnologyandnotenoughonwhatwecandorightthisminute.Unfortunately,peopleseemtolikethepicturethattechno-optimismpaints.____39____Itisimportanttounderstandthattheproblembeginswhenweseethosetechnologiesasawaytomakeourcurrentlifestyleseco-friendly.Untilwearereadytofacetheneedforalesscomplexlife,wecannotmaketrueprogresstowardssustainability.A.Sowhereshouldwelookforanswersinstead?B.Themodernworld’ssimplesolutionistechnology.C.Moreovertheyaremoreenergyintensivetoproduce.D.Isitatrapthatmanypeoplehavefallenintoinrecentyears?E.Unfortunately,thisisanincrediblydangerousopiniontohold.
F.Despiteanytechnology,weasawholearenotlivingsustainably.G.Nevertheless,thetruthis,weneedawidespreadchangeinourlifestyles.第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Weallliketothinkthatwearerational(理性的)thinkers,butpoordecisionsandchoicesareevidentallaroundus:stayinginbadrelationshipsorboringjobs,takingupsmoking,eatingtoomuchjunkfood;thelistgoeson.Sowhycan’twemakebetterdecisions?Onereasonappearstobewhatpsychologistscall“decisionfatigue”:theideathatweallhavealimitedstoreofenergyformakingdecisionsandpractisingself-control.Forexample,ifyouaregrounddownbyeverydaystruggles,youhavelessmentalenergyforgooddecisions.However,studiespointtothefactthatdecidingthingsearlyinthedayislikelytoleadtobetteroutcomes.Mostofuswillhavehadtheexperienceofgoingtobedwithaseeminglyunsolvableproblem,onlytowakeupwithaflashofinspirationthenextmorning.Sodecisionsmadewhenwefeelleasttiredaremorelikelytobetherightones.Anotherworthwhilestrategyistopretendthatyouareadvisinganimaginaryfriend,ratherthanrelatingdecisionstoyourownlife.Thiscreatesadistancebetweenyouandtheissuesinquestion,andcanhelpyoutothinklogicallyratherthanemotionally.Peopleoftenadvisemakinglistsofadvantagesanddisadvantages,andthenprioritizingtheitemsineachlist.Thiscancertainlybehelpful,butweneedtobecarefulnottoover-thinkeverydecision.Wemayoverestimatethevalueofinformation,andsometimesitisbettersimplytogowithourgutinstinct(直觉).Perhapsthemostimportantthingwecandotominimizethepossibilityofregretistomakesurethatourdecisionsareinlinewithourlifevalues;inotherwords,tohavealifevisionandbetruetoit.Insteadofaskingourselvesquestionssuchas“Whichoptionissafer?”or“Whichoptionisbestfinancially?”,itisfarbettertoask“HowwillIfeelaboutthiswhenI’m70?”.40.Whatdoes“decisionfatigue”mean?________________41.Whydopeopletendtomakegooddecisionsearlyintheday?________________42.Decidewhichpartofthefollowingstatementiswrong.Underlineitandexplainwhy.▷Sometimesitisagoodideatogowithourgutinstincttomakedecisions,becauseweighingadvantagesanddisadvantagestakesgreatefforts.
________________43.Inadditiontothestrategiesinthepassage,pleasesuggestanotherwaytomakegooddecisions.(Inabout40words)________________第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim所在的学校即将迎来百年校庆。他参与准备活动，负责向来宾介绍学校的变化，问你有什么好的建议。请你用英文给他回邮件，内容包括：1.表示祝贺;2.你的建议。注意：1词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。提示词：纪念日anniversaryDearJim,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua
