2023届北京市朝阳区高三二模英语 Word版无答案.docx

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北京市朝阳区高三年级第二学期质量检测二英语试卷(考试时间90分钟满分100分)本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Mysonwasbornwithbreathingdifficulties,sohehadtostayinNICU,thehospitalunitfornewbornsneedingintensivecare.Therehecouldonlybefedthroughatube.Ihatedthetube.ThelovelydreamsIhadofnursingmybabywereentirely___1___.Onthefifthday,I___2___aboutthetube,sayingthatIwantedtofeedhimwithabottle.Thedoctorsagreedtoletmetry.Myson’sfeedingswouldbecloselyrecordedtoseeifhewasabletoget___3___milkintakewithoutthetube.Aftereighteenhours,itwasdeterminedhecouldnotdothatandthetubewasback.Thismeanthewasn’tgettingstronger.The___4___feltsodark.SeatedoutsidetheNICU,Istartedcrying.Justthen,ayoungnursecameandsatbesideme.WhenIhad___5___mysorrowalittle,shehandedmeatissueandaskedifIwantedtotalk.Iaskedagainifwecouldremovethetube.Thenursereplied,“Nottoday.Butremember,tomorrowisanewday.”Sheseemedmuchyoungerthanme,butherwordswere___6___andhope-filled,andIheldontothem.Irememberedheradviceandrepeatedittomyselfmultipletimesaday.Thenursechangedmyperspectiveawayfromcurrent___7___toseethehopeoftomorrow.Gradually,thingsstartedto___8___.Ondayeight,mysondrankhalfofhismilkwithoutthetube.Ondayten,thedoctorsapprovedtakingoffthetube___9___.“Tomorrow”came.Itjustcameafewdayslaterthanexpected.Ondayfifteen,wewerereleasedfromthehospital,andmyson“graduated”fromtheNICU.WhatIlearnedfromthatnursewastolookbeyondtodayandthesufferingofitandtoconsidertomorrowwith_____10_____.Afterall,tomorrowisanewday.1.A.controlledB.destroyedC.questionedD.recalled2.A.protestedB.wonderedC.forgotD.warned3.A.maximumB.restrictedC.sufficientD.additional4.A.plotB.spotC.atmosphereD.situation 5.A.sparedB.containedC.sharedD.exhibited6A.wiseB.plainC.familiarD.sharp7.A.mistakesB.dreamsC.challengesD.doubts8.A.goawayB.lookupC.makesenseD.fallapart9.A.frequentlyB.slightlyC.completelyD.occasionally10.A.intentionB.imaginationC.urgeD.faith第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AsavariantofAmericanfootball,flagfootballisatypeofsportinwhichaplayermustremoveaflagbeltfromtheballcarriertoendadown.Thefirstruleofthegameisthatcontact____11____playersisnotpermitted.Recently,it____12____(gain)greatpopularityinChinaamongyoungpeople.It’sengagingandridiculouslyfun.That’swhythepercentageofpeople____13____(join)aflagfootballclubthroughonlinechannelshasrisentoanewhighlevel.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。OldConnections,atelecommunicationsmuseuminSeattle,withaworkingexchangefromthe1940s,____14____(show)howtelephonesbroughtustogether,butalsotoreusapart.Perhapsitshouldnotbe____15____(surprise)thattheInternethasbroughtwithitanewwaveofhorrificdestructiveness.Historyitselfisakindofradioprogramme,broadcasttousinfrequenciesthatbecomehardertoreceiveasweforgettheoldways.Butaslongaswekeeptheancientexchangesrunning,wehaveawaytorememberandunderstand____16____wecomefrom.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。WangDakang,aged88,isamodeloflifelonglearning.Inthe1980s,hewasthefirstperson____17____(accomplish)aroundtripofChinausingonlyabicycle.Toeditthisexperienceintohisbook,Wangdecidedtogotocollege.Attheageof61,he____18____(admit)intocollege,majoringinjournalism.By2012,hehadcompletedthreemajorsincollege.Atpresent,WanglivesinLeshan,wherehespendshisdays followingcarefully____19____(plan)routines.Hisstudystartsat6ameverymorning,during____20____hereadsandtakesnotesfromnewspapers.Wangsaid,“ThereissomuchtolearnandIwillcontinuelearninguntiltheveryend.”第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AColumbiaEngineering’sSummerHighSchoolAcademicProgramforEngineers(SHAPE)isaselectivepre-collegeprogramforhighschoolstudentsandrecentgraduates.SHAPEistailoredforstudentswithagiftforSTEM:science,technology,engineering,andmathematics.Each3-weeksessionofferscollege-level,project-basedcoursesinengineeringtaughtbycelebratedprofessorsattheuniversity.SHAPEgivesstudentsamorerealisticpictureofwhatitmeanstobeanengineer,anditsprofessionaldevelopmentcomponentshelpstudentsdeveloptheskillstheyneedtogetthere.CoursesSHAPEfeaturescreativeproblem-solvingcoursesandexposesstudentstoinnovativeengineeringtechniquesandknowledgepresentedbyprofessors.PleasenotethatSHAPEdoesnotprovidecollegecredit.StudentsgainaccesstothefamousMakerSpaceandstate-of-the-artresearchlaboratoriesaftercompletingthesafetytrainingandwillonlydosoundercloseguidance.SHAPEalsoprovidesstudentswithworkshopstoexplorecareerfields,professionaldevelopment,andguidanceonsharpeningone’scollegeapplicationfromadmissionsofficers.Studentsintheprogramwillbevisitingcompaniesandorganizationsthatshowtheclassroomcontentinpractice.ApplicationStudentsareselectedbasedonthefollowingcriteria:1.Strongacademicrecord2.PersonalstatementtodemonstrateexcitementandinterestinSTEMthroughengagementinchallengingcourses,activities,projects,etc.3.Enthusiasticletterofrecommendationsubmittedbyamathorscienceteacher4.CreativeresponsestotworequiredquestionsandoneofthethreeoptionalquestionsWeencourageallstudentstoapplybytheprioritydeadlineofJune15,2023,sothereisnoapplicationfee.Aftertheprioritydeadline,a$50applicationfeeisrequired. SHAPEisdedicatedtosupportingstudentsandtheirfamiliesinneedoffinancialassistance.Weofferalimitednumberofneed-basedscholarships,whichcoverthefullcostofSHAPE.Tobeconsideredforaneed-basedscholarship,familieswillneedtoprovidearecentpayreceiptandcompleteaFamilyIncomeandExpenseWorksheet.Email:shape@columbia.eduformoreinformation.21.WhatcanwelearnaboutSHAPE?A.ItsuitsstudentstalentedinSTEM.B.ItshowstheprocedureoflearningSTEM.C.Itservesasthestartofstudents’collegelife.D.Itgivesstudentschancestoworkwithengineers.22.InSHAPE,studentscan.A.befreetoexploretheMakerSpaceB.earncollegecreditforfuturestudyC.putschoolknowledgeintopracticeD.beequippedwithskillsforengineering23.TosecureaplaceinSHAPE,studentsneedto.A.showtheirfamilyfinancialstateB.answerallthegivenquestionsC.payapplicationfeesbeforedeadlineD.provetheirlearningcapabilityBIlostmylegtocancerat30.Myfirsttripoutofthehouseasaone-leggedwomanwouldbetoseeasickfriendinhospitalwithmymom.AsImademywaythroughthehospital,Iwaspreparedforlooksofcuriosity,sympathy,andevenshock.ButonethingshookmetoadepthIhadneverexperiencedbefore.Twokidswereplayinginthehallway.AsIpassedbyonmycrutches(拐杖),theylookedupatme,andsuddenly,thelittleboypointedatme.“Lookatthatlady!”Itseemedthathewasshoutingloudenoughfortheentirehospitaltohear.“Sheonlyhasoneleg!Doesn’tthatlookfunny?”Bothofthekidsburstintolaughter.Headsturned,andIfeltthebloodrushtomyface.IputmyheaddownandrushedoutasfastasIdaredonmycrutches.Iheldmytearsbackuntilthecardoorclosed.AsIfellintotheseats,Icried,“Howcouldtheythinkthisisfunny?”Mymomtriedherbesttocomfortme,“Honey,theyarejustkids.Theydon’tknowanybetter.”Theywerejustkids,butthatdidnotexcusetheirrudebehavior.Ifeltawaveofbelieffloodthroughme.IknewwhatIhadtodo.“Well,someonehastoteachthem!”Isaid.AndIknewthatsomeonewouldbeme.WhenIwaswellenough,Istartedtovisitelementaryschoolsandtalktochildrenaboutbeingdifferent.Iwasteachingchildrentoberespectfulofpeoplewhoaredifferent,andteachingthempeoplecomeinallshapes,colorsandsizesandweareeachspecialandunique. Speakingtochildrenwasjustthebeginningforme.Ibecameaninspirationalspeakerandauthorandlearnedthatbeinggratefulforalltheremainingpartsofmewastheonlywaytostartandendmyday.IsharedmystoryinmybookcalledIAmChoosingtoSmile.Ido,indeed,choosetosmile.Wakingupeverymorning,Ilookdownatmyonefootandsaywithallsincerity,“Goodmorning,fivetoes.I’mverygladtoseeyou!”24.Whatshockedtheauthorinthehospital?A.Thecuriouslookaboyhad.B.Thewordsaboyshoutedout.C.Thegametheboyswereplaying.D.Thesympathytheboysexpressed.25.Howdidtheexperienceinthehospitalchangetheauthor?A.Shefoundthepurposeofherlife.B.Shebegantorealizeherdifference.C.Sheunderstoodkids’characteristics.D.Shelearnedtheimportanceofrespect.26.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Patient.B.Brave.C.Intelligent.D.Caring.CResearchersfromaU.K.plantresearchinstitutehavefoundawaytoprovideplantswithanantibody-baseddefenseforaspecificthreat,potentiallyspeedingthecreationofcropsresistanttoanykindofemergingvirus,orbacterium(细菌).Thestrategyistoinoculateaproteinfromtheplantpathogen(病原体)tobetargetedtoacamelorothercamelrelatives,purifytheunusuallysmallantibodiesthecamelsproduce,andengineerthecorrespondinggenesectionforthemintoaplant’sownimmunegene.Farmerslosemanybillionsofdollarstoplantdiseaseseachyear,andemergingpathogensposenewthreatstofoodsecurityinthedevelopingworld.Plantshaveevolvedtheirownimmunesystem,kick-startedbycellreceptorsthatrecognizegeneralpathogenfeatures,suchasabacterialcellwall,aswellasintracellularreceptorsformolecules(分子)producedbyspecificpathogens.Ifaplantcelldetectsthesemolecules,itmaytriggeritsowndeathtosavetherestoftheplant.Butplantpathogensoftenevolveandescapefromthosereceptors.Along-standingdreaminplantbiotechnologyistocreatedesignerdiseaseresistancegenesthatcouldbeproducedasfastaspathogensemerge.Oneapproachistoeditthegeneforaplantimmunereceptor,changingtheprotein’sshapetorecognizeaparticularpathogenicmolecule.Instead,SophienKamoun,amolecularbiologistattheSainsburyLaboratory,andhiscolleaguesusedan animalimmunesystemtohelpmakethereceptoradjustments.Duringaninfectionwithanewpathogen,animalsproducebillionsofslightlydifferentantibodies,ultimatelyselectingandmass-producingthosethatbesttargetthevirus.Camelids,whichincludecamels,areworkhorsesforantibodydesignbecausetheirimmunesystemscreateunusuallysmallversions,callednano-bodies.Asaproofofprincipleofthenewplantdefensestrategy,Kamoun’sgroupturnedtotwostandardcamelidnano-bodiesthatrecognizetwodifferentmolecules,includingonecalledgreenfluorescentprotein(GFP),todetecttestviruses,inthiscaseapotatovirus,engineeredtomakethefluorescentproteins.Theyinvestigatedhowwellplantswiththenano-body-enhancedreceptorsdetectedthechangedpotatoviruses.Itwasfoundthattheplantsincreasedanactiveimmuneresponseandexperiencedalmostnoviralreproduction.“Theexcitingpartaboutthistechnologyisthatwehavethepotentialofmade-to-orderresistancegenesandkeepingupwithapathogen,”Kamounsays.“Thistechnologyisapotentialgamechanger,”saysJeffDangl,aplantresearcherattheUniversityofNorthCarolina.KseniaKrasileva,ascientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,saysthemixtureofnano-bodieswithplantimmunereceptorsopensupavastbodyofbiomedicalknowledgeforplantscientists.“Wecannowdigintoallofthatresearchandtranslateittosavecrops.”27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inoculate”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Compare.B.Restore.C.Introduce.D.Label.28.WhatisthemainpurposeofParagraph2?A.Toillustratethefunctionofcellsinsavingtheplant.B.Toexplainhowtostrengthenplantreceptorseffectively.C.Todemonstratethesolutionstofarmers’annualheavylosses.D.Torevealwhyplantsfailtohandleconstantly-updateddiseases.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Editingplantreceptorsistomatchtheshapeofpathogens.B.Nano-bodiescanhelpplantscatchupwithpathogenchanges.C.Plantsselectthebestantibodiesfromanimalstofightviruses.D.Plantswithnano-bodiesrespondactivelyinmassiveviruscopying.30.Accordingtothepassage,scientistswill.A.applytheoutcomeintherealworldB.provethefindingsofresistancegenesC.identifysimilarmeanstofightdiseasesD.seekmoresupportforthenewstrategyD Superhumanartificialintelligenceisalreadyamongus.Well,sortof.WhenitcomestoplayinggameslikechessandGo,orsolvingdifficultscientificchallengeslikepredictingproteinstructures,computersarewellaheadofus.Butwehaveonesuperpowertheyaren’tclosetomastering:mindreading.Humanshaveamysteriousabilitytoreasonthegoals,desiresandbeliefsofothers,acrucialskillthatmeanswecananticipateotherpeople’sactionsandtheconsequencesofourown.Readingmindscomessoeasilytous,though,thatweoftendon’tthinktospelloutwhatwewant.IfAIsaretobecometrulyusefulineverydaylife—tocooperateeffectivelywithusortounderstandthatachildmightrunintotheroadafterabouncingball—wehavetogivethemthisgiftthatevolutionhasgivenustoreadotherpeople’sminds.Psychologistsrefertotheabilitytoinferanother’smentalstateastheoryofmind.Inhumans,thiscapacitystartstodevelopataveryyoungage.Howtoreproducethecapabilityinmachinesisfarfromclear,though.Oneofthemainchallengesiscontext.Forinstance,ifsomeoneaskswhetheryouaregoingforarunandyoureply“it’sraining”,theycanquicklyconcludethattheanswerisno.Butthisrequireshugeamountsofbackgroundknowledgeaboutrunning,weatherandhumanpreferences.Moreover,whetherhumansorAI,thetheoryofmindissupposedtoemergenaturallyfromone’sownlearningprocess.BuildingpriorknowledgeintoAImakesitreliantonourimperfectunderstandingoftheoryofmind.Inaddition,AImaybecapableofdevelopingapproacheswecouldneverimagine.Therecanbemanyformsoftheoryofmindthatwedon’tknowaboutsimplybecauseweliveinahumanbodythathascertaintypesofsensesandacertainabilitytothink.YetwemightstillwantAItohaveamorehuman-likeformoftheoryofmind.Humanscanclearlyexplaintheirgoalsanddesirestoeachotherusingcommonlanguageandideas.WhilelettingAIformthetheoryofmindintheirlearningprocessislikelytoleadtodevelopingmorepowerfulAI,plainlybuildinginsharedwaystorepresentknowledgemaybecrucialforhumanstotrustandcommunicatewithAI.Itisimportanttoremember,though,thatthepursuitofmachineswiththeoryofmindisaboutmorethanjustbuildingmoreusefulrobots.ItisalsoasteppingstoneonthepathtowardsadeepergoalforAIandroboticsresearch:buildingtrulyself-awaremachines.Whetherwewillevergetthereremainstobeseen.Butalongthewaythinkingaboutotherpeopleandotheragents,weareonthepathtolearningtothinkaboutourselves.31.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcontextscanAIunderstandwell?A.Whenyouareaskedtoeatspicyfoodfordinnerandyoureply“asorethroat”.B.Whenateacherasksforaboy’shomeworkandheanswers“mydogateit”.C.Whenamomtellsherkidsomefoodisgoodforhealthandthekideatsit.DWhenkidsseetheirmomafterhurtingthemselvesandtheycrylouder. 32.Theauthorbelievesthat.A.humans’theoryofmindisfarfromperfectB.humanslimitAI’stheoryofmindtoanextentC.weshouldrejecthuman-likeformsofabilitiesforAID.sharedformsoftheoryofmindresultinmorepowerfulAI33.AsforAIs,whatdoestheauthorvaluemost?A.Reliability.B.Practicability.C.Reasoningcapability.D.Communicationability.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AIwithItsOwnTheoryofMindIsExpectedB.AIwithTheoryofMindWillReshapeOurFutureC.AI’sTheoryofMindIsaBlessingorSufferingtoHumansD.TheoryofMindBridgestheGapBetweenHumansandAI第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inourmodernworldthereareendlessalternatives.Haveyoueverfoundyourselfwonderingwhetheryoushouldquitorstayinyourjob,acceptanofferorgiveitupforanother?Thereisasimpleandpracticalmethodthatsolvesthisproblem.____35____Whenyouunderstandtheconcept,youhavethepowertomeasureeveryalternativewithprecisionandmaketherightdecision.Inthefieldofeconomics,opportunitycostisthevaluethatyouhavetogiveupwhenyouchooseanoptionoveranothergoodoption.____36____Everytimeyouchoosesomething,yougiveupotheralternativestogetherwiththeirfinancialbenefits.Itisnotalltheotheroptions,butthemostvaluedonethatisdefinedastheopportunitycost.____37____Takethesimpleexampleoftryingtodecidewhethertotakepublictransportationfor80minutesortodrivefor40minutes.Youmightsaveonthecostofgaswhileridingthebusbutdoublethetriplengthandmissoutonotherthingsyoucouldhavedoneduringthattime.____38____Thisishowyoucreateprioritiesinyourdailylife.Thoughusefulindecisionmaking,thebiggestdrawbackofopportunitycostisthatit’softenrelatedtowhat’shardtoquantify.____39____Afterall,puttinganumbertoyourpeacefulmindorhappinesscanbedifficult.Opportunitycostisn’tcutanddried.Itvariesfrompersontoperson.Attheendoftheday,youareincharge ofwhatyouownandwhatyouwanttogain.A.Itisaboutfindingouttheopportunitycost.B.Weighthelossesandgainsandmakeyourdecision.C.Opportunitycostmattersnotonlyineconomicsbutalsoinreallife.D.Thisisespeciallytruewhentheopportunitycostisofnon-financialbenefit.E.Thekeyprincipleunderlyingtheideaisthatthereisnosuchthingasfreelunch.F.Mostpeopleoverlookopportunitycostbecausethebenefitsareusuallyhiddenfromview.G.Itisthedevelopmentofimportantskillsthatwouldhelpyoumoveforwardinyourdailylife.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Theterm“nostalgia”wasfirstcoinedin1688andwasdefinedasamentalillnessofsoldierscontinuallythinkingabouttheirhomelandandlongingforreturn.However,todaywehaveamuchmorepositiveattitudetonostalgia.It’sagreatexampleofthebenefitsofastrongmemory.Innumerousscientificexperiments,researchershavefoundthatsubjectsaremuchmorelikelytoreportpositivefeelingsfromagivenpieceofmusicifthey’vehearditbefore.Butthere’salsoagrowingbodyofresearchintotimetravel“theotherway”,becausememoryskillscantakepeopleintothefuture,too.Decadesofstudieshaveshownthattimetravelintothefuturecanbringawholenewsetofrewards.Forexample,athleteswhopracticebymentallyvisualizingandimaginingsuccessfulperformancesinthefuturedoperformbetter.AllthesefindingsareinspiringandattractiveHowcouldyoubecomeaconfidenttimetravelertothepastorintothefuture?Herearesometipsforyou:·Totakepleasureinhelpfulmemories,maybetoreawakenhappyfeelings,useallyoursenses—notjustsight.Smell,taste,touchandsoundwillalsohelpyoutorecreatethepastinrichclarity.·Ifyoufindamemorythat’sparticularlyhelpful—forreassurance,say—keepusingit!You’llgetfasteratfindingit,andaddextralayersofdetaileachtime.·Whenyou’reprocrastinating(拖延),visualizeanendresult.Flashforwardtoseethefloorsweptortheessayfinished,andusethatpositiveimagetodriveyouintoaction.·Aheadofmajorchallenges,imaginethefullimpactofsuccess.Don’tjustpictureyourselfgettingthatgreatjob:fillyourmindwiththereallybigwaysit’sgoingtochangeyourlife.There’llstillbetimeswhenoldthoughtsremindyouofsadness,oryou’reanxiousaboutwhat’snext.Butthe moreyoulearntocontrolyourmemory,thebetteryou’llbeatminingyourpast,andshapingyourfuture,tobeyourbestselfnow.40.Whatdidnostalgiaoriginallymean?___________________________________________41.Whathavetheresearchersfoundabouttimetravel?___________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.➢Memoryskillscanbringusintothefuture,soweshouldimagineanegativeendresulttodriveusintoactionwhenprocrastinating.___________________________________________43.Describeoneofthehelpfultime-travelexperiencesinyourlife.(Inabout40words)___________________________________________第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你最近读完了外教Jim推荐的一本英文书，请你用英文给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：1.表达感谢并分享读书收获;2.交流后续英文书阅读计划。注意：1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua