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昌平区2022—2023学年高二年级第一学期期末质量抽测英语试卷本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AsIstoodinlinewaitingtocashoutatastoreIstudiedthecustomerinfrontofme.Shewasyoungbuthada____1____look—asiflifehadbeatenhermanytimes.Theitemsinhercart(手推车)includedthecheapestmeatandmeal.Whenthecashierfinallytoldherthe____2____,thewoman’sfacepaled.Sheopenedawornwalletandbegan____3____smallbillsandcoins.Itwasobviousshedidn’thaveenough,andshecheckedhergroceriestoseewhatshecoulddowithout.Onebyone,she____4____things,butshestillcameupshort.Someonebehindmewasupsetandcomplained.“Nevermind,”Isaidtotheyoungladywhosefaceturnedred,“takeyourtime.”Iwaitedquietlyuntilmyturncame.Imovedforwardandmotioned____5____totheitemsthewomanhadtakenout,addedallmymeatandfreshmilk,andwhispered“____6____bags,samebillplease”tothecashier.Shenodded.I____7____howIcouldputthebagswithextrathingsintohercartwithoutbeingcaught.Mydearcashiersolvedtheproblemby“accidentally”rollingseveralorangessohardthattheyflewpasttheladyandontothefloor.“I’llgetthose,”thewomanofferedkindlyandranto____8____therunawayfruit.Iquicklyplacedthetwoextrabagsintohercartwhileshewasbackwiththeoranges.“Thankyousomuch,”Isaid.“Thankyouforyour____9____,”sherepliedbeforeleaving.Thatnight,IthoughtabouttheyoungladywhoIhopedwasenjoyingaheartydinnerwithherfamily,andIsentasilentwishthatherlifewouldtakea_____10_____soon.1.A.tiredB.delightedC.confusedD.satisfied2.A.wayB.orderC.costD.option3.A.exchangingB.countingC.borrowingD.searching4A.replacedB.soldC.removedD.provided
5.A.unreasonablyB.uncomfortablyC.unwillinglyD.unnoticeably6.A.UsefulB.SeparateC.RegularD.Large7.A.rememberedB.explainedC.expectedD.wondered8.A.dealwithB.cleanoffC.pickupD.lookfor9.A.patienceB.generosityC.courageD.honesty10.A.shortcutB.tumC.chanceD.risk第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。WhenIstartedteachingsciencelastyear,Iwasn’tvery____11____(success).Icouldtellfrommystudents’behaviourthattheyfoundmylessonquiteboring.IfeltquitealotofstressbutthenIrealizedthatIneededtomakeachange.Idecidedtousealotmorepractical____12____(example)andexperimenttohelpthestudentsseewhatI____13____(talk)aboutinsteadofjustlistening.Ialsochangedmyteachingapproachtoinvolvingmoregroupwork.Fortunately,itworkedandnowmystudentstellmetheylovemyclasses.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。Arecentstudyfoundthatextremeenvironmentalchangecouldcausean“extinctiondominoeffect.”____14____itmayseemunimportantifweloseoneratspecies,itmattersbecauseallspecies____15____(connect)throughtheirinteractionsinaweboflife.Abalancedecosystemisoneinwhicheachspeciesplaysanimportantroleandreliesontheservicesprovidedbyotherspecies____16____(survive).Healthyecosystemsaremoreproductiveandresistanttodisruptions.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。Inthe17thcentury,peoplebelievedmoreinthechurchthaninfacts,andpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei,____17____provedtheideathat“theEarthisnotthecenteroftheuniverse”,wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoone____18____(come)totheirdefence.Thechurchandmanypeopletendedtoignorethefactsanddidn’twanttochallenge____19____theyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.Itisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseprimitiveideasastheyhadbeenputforward____20____thegreatphilosopherAristotle.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASurroundingScienceAnewScienceMuseumappexplorescommonobjectsintheworldaroundyou.Ifyou’veplayedthemobilegamePokémonGo,you’llknowthatitsmonsterscanbefoundwhereveryouwalk.NowthetechnologybehindthatgameisbeingusedforanewappfromtheScienceMuseum.It’scalledWonderlabARandisfreetodownloadfromtheappstoresonAppleandAndroidmobilephones.Theaimistoencouragepeopletogetoutsideandlearnaboutthescienceinoureverydayenvironment—fromtrafficlightsandelectriccarchargingpointstocashpoints,telephonesandeventoilets.Insteadofcatchingmonsters,inthisgameyou’relookingfor“discoveries”(astheappcallsthem)fromdifferentfieldsofscience:includingelectricity,forces,light,mathsandsound.Theappusesaugmented-reality(AR)technologyfromacompanycalledNiantic,whichisbestknownasthedeveloperofPokémonGo.That’swhyWonderlabARlooksquitealotlikethatgame,showingyouamapofthe“discoveries”inyourcurrentlocationintherealworld.You’llseethemonthemapbuttocollectthem,youhavetowalktotheirreal-worldlocation.AlthoughtheScienceMuseumisinLondon,theappworksanywhereinthecountryandtherearelotsofthingstodiscovernearyou.Alongsidetheapp,thereisalsoanewwebsitefromtheScienceMuseumcalledWonderlab+(tinyurl.com/TWJ-Wonderlab).Thissiteisforyoungpeopleagedsevento15yearsoldandisamixtureoffunmathsandsciencehands-onactivities,includingYouTubevideos,onlinequizzes,questionsandgames.BoththeappandwebsitearebasedontheWonderlabgalleriesthatpeoplecanvisitattheScienceMuseuminLondonandtheNationalScienceandMediaMuseuminBradford,England.TheappandwebsiteallowpeoplewholiveinotherpartsoftheUKtolearnmoreaboutthescienceofeverydayobjectsandexperiencetheexhibitions.21.WiththenewappWonderlabAR,youcan________.A.learnaboutsciencearoundyouB.visitthesciencemuseumonlineC.catchmonsterslikeinPokémonGoDlocateanysciencemuseumsnearby
22.FromthepassageweknowthatWonderlab+________.A.isdesignedforbothchildrenandadultsB.answerspeople’squestionsaboutscienceC.sharesvariousresourcesaboutscienceD.providesachancetoexperimentinthelabs23.Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlyto________.A.invitepeopletogotothesciencemuseumB.attractchildren’sattentiontosciencelearningC.introduceanewsciencemuseumappandawebsiteD.comparethedifferencesbetweentheappandthewebsiteBAlejandroBuxton’scandlebusinessstartedwithaheadache.The12-year-old’smomsuffersfromallergies,andsomethingintheirhousewascausingherheadtohurt.Aftergoingtothehospital,theydiscoveredthecauseoftheheadache:thecandles.Hismomhadnochoicebuttogetridofthescented(有香味的)items.However,heknewhismotherreallylovedcandles.Toliftherspirits,hesetupalabinthefamily’skitcheninthefallof2019andmadeacandleusingonlynaturalingredients,suchassoyandcoconutwaxes(蜡)andessentialoils.Chemicalsinheroldcandleswerecausingtheheadaches.HenamedhisfirstproductJurassicOrange,whichissimilartothefruitincolorandsmell.JurassicOrangewasahitwithhismom,whoseheadachesdisappeared.ButAlejandrowasn’tdoneexperimenting.Withinafewmonths,hehadaboutsixscents,includingChunkySweatersandCozySocks,whichsmellslikeafruitdrinkmixedwithapineforest.InSeptember2020,heputhisfirstcollectionofcandlesonEtsy,theonlinemarketplacethatspecializesinhandmadegoods.Healsosoldcandlesatseasonalmarkets,suchastheoneindowntownD.C.wherethevicepresidentwasshoppingforholidaygiftslastyear.Herecommendedtwocandlestothevicepresident.Shetooksomeofhisadvice.JesseBenites,generalmanagerofabigshoppingmall,saidthevicepresident’svisit“skyrocketed”Alejandro’sfame.AseniormanagercontactedAlejandroandinvitedhimtorentoneofthe12retailcartsatthemall.OnSeptember1,2022,SmellofLoveCandlesopenedonthesecondleveloftheshoppingcenter.Alejandroisthemall’syoungestbusinessowner.Insidethemall,Alejandroturnedalargeroomintohisproductionfacility,whereheandhisstaffmake600to700candlesaweek.Therewerealtogether25scentsontheshelf.Hecontinuedtomakenewscentsandwantedtoseeallhiscandlesineverysinglehouseholdandloveandjoycomeintothehouses.Alejandro’scandlebusinessmakesagoodprofit,butforhim,themoneyheearnedisnotjustforhisown
collegefundbutforlocalcharities.24.Alejandrostartedhisbusinessbecausehewantedto________.A.solvehismother’sproblemB.earnsomemoneyforthefamilyC.makemorepeoplelovecandlesD.changethewaycandlesaremade25.WhatdoweknowaboutSmellofLoveCandles?A.Itwasvisitedbythevicepresident.B.ItmainlysellscandlesontheInternet.C.Itteachespeoplehowtomakecandles.D.Itwilloffernewscentsofthecandles.26.ThemoneyAlejandromadewillbeusedto____.A.openmorechainstoresB.helpmorepeopleinneedC.inventnewscentsofthecandlesD.promotehiscandlestomorefamilies27.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordscanbestdescribeAlejandro?A.Organizedandloving.B.Smartandoutgoing.C.Caringandcreative.D.Generousandhonest.CScientistsaregettingabetterlookattheuniversethankstothenewJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST)—thelargest,mostpowerfulspacetelescopeeverbuilt.ItwassentintospaceonarocketonDec.25,2021andisnowlocatedabout1.6millionkilometresawayfromEarth.Itmovesaroundthesun,keepinginlinewithEarth.ScientistsreleasedthefirstimagestakenbythetelescopeinJuly2022.Oneoftheseimagesshowsthemostdistantviewoftheuniverseeverseen.OtherimagesfromtheJWSTincludeJupiterandMars,aswellastwoexoplanets(planetsnotinourownsolarsystem).Thetelescopehasalsocaptured(捕获)imagesoftheSouthernRingNebula,acloudofgassurroundingadyingstar,aswellastheCarinaNebula,wherenewlyformingstarscanbeseen.TheJWSTobservesonlyinfraredlight.Thefurtherawaysomethingisintheuniverse,thelongerittakesforitslighttoreachusonEarth.Aslighttravelsthroughspace,itstretchesoutintolongerandlongerwavelengths.Asitgetslonger,itbecomesinvisibletohumans,andiscalledinfraredlight.
BecausetheJWSTseesinfraredlight,itisabletoseefurtheraway—andfurtherbackintime—thanothertelescopes.Italsorecordsmoredetailsoftheobjectsitobserves.Scientistshopethiswillhelpthemlearnmoreabouttheoriginsoftheuniverse,andbetterunderstandthingslikeblackholes,orhowplanetsandgalaxiesareformed.TheimagesthetelescopesendsbacktoEarthdonotlooklikethephotographsweseefromscientists.BecausetheJWSTrecordsonlyinfraredlight,theimagesitsendsbackappearblacktoahumaneye.However,theyactuallycontainmanydifferentshadesofgreythatrepresentdifferentwavelengthsofinfraredlight.Scientistsworkingwiththeimagesusefilters(过滤器)toseparatethedifferentwavelengths.Thentheygiveeachwavelengthadifferentcoloursoitcanbeseenbyahumaneye.Whenallofthesefilteredlayers(层)ofcolourarecombined,theycreatethecolourfulpicturesthatscientistssendout.Addingcolourtotheimagesnotonlymakesthemmoreinterestingforpeopletolookat.Italsohelpsscientistsseemoredetailsintheimages,whichwillhelpthembetterunderstandwhattheyarelookingat.28.AccordingtoParagraph3,theinfraredlight________.A.isthelightfromnearbystarsB.cannotbeseenbyhumaneyesC.reachestheearthearlierthanotherlightsD.travelsinspacewithshorterwavelength29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.ThepicturessentbackbyJWSTarebeautiful.B.JWSTgoesaroundinthesamewayasthesundoes.C.TheformationoftheblackholeswasrecordedbyJWST.D.JWSThasshownthefarthestviewoftheuniversebynow.30.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.HowscientistsuseJWSTtotakephotos.B.WhyJWSTisbetterthanothertelescopes.C.WhatscientistsdiscoversinspacewithJWST.D.HowJWSThelpsscientistsexplorethespace.DSlowschoolsandsloweducationcanrefertodifferentaspectsofeducation.Somepeopleusethetermslowschoolstorefertoschoolsthatareattemptingtobringslowfoodtothecafeteriaordiningroom.Forothersithasfarmoreimplicationsandincludesaspectsofconnectiontoknowledge,tradition,moralpurposeandallthatis
importantinlife.Inthissenseitreferstothecurriculum(课程),thewayitisdelivered,theprocessoflearning,managementoftheschool,andevenifschoolisthebestvehiclethroughwhichtoeducateourchildren.Sointhissense,itreferstobringingtheslowmovementintoeducation.InmanyWesterncountriesthathaveAnglo-Saxonorigins,governmentsandschoolshavestrictcontrolstructuresinplaceandschoolsaredrivenbystandardisedcurriculawithtestsandtargetstoensureuniformoutcomes.Theemphasisisontheoutcomenotontheprocess.Theprocessisaboutthingslikehowideasareconceptualised,howcanwesupportlearningandtheknowingofhowtolearn,aswellastheloveoflearningandinvestigating.Sloweducationisalsoaboutconnectiontoknowledgeandtolearning—reallearning.Itisaboutdoingnoharmandhavingrespectforalllivingandnon-livingthings.Sloweducationisaconceptof‘ecologicalliteracy’.MichaelStoneandZenobiaBarlowhaveputtogetheracollectionofauthorsinEcologicalLiteracy:EducatingourChildrenforaSustainableWorldtogiveuswaystoadapttothewayweliveonEarthandthewaywecaneducateourchildrentotheirhighestcapacities.Thisbookisrecommendedtoparentsandeducatorswhoareengagedincreativeeffortstodevelopnewcurriculaandimprovechildren’secologicalunderstanding.Sloweducationisaboutsupportingourchildrentodevelopvaluesandethics(道德规范)thatwillenablethemtoliveajoyouslifeintheslowlane.ThesimilaritiesofdebateaboutFastFoodvsSlowFoodandthedebateaboutFastSchoolsvsSlowSchoolsareself-evidentuponreflection.Fastschoolslikefastfoodarenotconcernedwiththeprocess,preparationandconnection.Theyareconcernedwiththestandardisedendproductwhichinthecaseofschoolsistheresultsfromstandardisedtestsandtargets,andinthecaseoffoodisthestandardisedhamburgerorfriedchickenetc.，thatlooklikeallotherstheoutletproducequickly.Theprocessofeducationisnotaboutsupplyingstudentswithlumpsofinformationtoberepeatedondemand.Itisaboutenablingstudentstolearnhowtolearn.Itisalsoaboutgivingthemopportunitiestohearwhatothershavelearnt(knowledge)andtothendiscuss,argue,andreflectonthisknowledgetogainagreaterunderstandingofitstruthforthemandofhowthisknowledgewillbeofusetothem.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“uniformoutcome”inParagraph2mean?A.Thesameresults.B.Theuniquecourses.C.Thepositiveeffects.D.Thespecialclothes.32.WhydoesthewritermentionMichaelStoneandZenobiaBarlow’sbook?A.Topresentthepurposeofsloweducation.B.Toencouragepeopletodevelopnewcourses.C.Toprovesloweducationispopularamongparents.
D.Tooffermaterialstolearnaboutecologicalliteracy.33.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?AEducationisamirrorreflectingtheworld.B.Peopleshouldrethinkwhattoteachinschools.C.Weshouldreflectonourselvesonadailybasis.D.Betterreadingskillsshouldbeattainedinschool.34.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.SlowSchools-connectingchildrentolife.B.SlowFood--turningschoolsintoanewstyle.C.SlowEducation--helpingstudentsgetbettergrades.D.SlowMovement--beingdifferentfromthefastworld.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ecoducts:TheSafeWaytoCrosstheRoadHowdoesananimalcrossaroadsafely?Theshortansweris:itoftendoesn’t!Everyyeararoundtheword,thousandsofanimalsarekilledorinjuredbycars,trucks,andtrainsonourbusyroadsandrailwaysystems.Francewasthefirstcountrytobuildwildlifecrossingstohelpanimalsgetacrossroadssafely.TheFrenchdesignedthesestructurestoprotectanimalsfromthebusytraffic.Sincethen,manyothercountrieshavealsobuiltwildlifecrossings.____35____Ecoducts,alsocalled“greenbridges”,arestructuresthatengineersbuildoverbigroadsandhighways.____36____Cars,vans,andtrucksgoundertheecoducts,throughatunnel,andtheanimalswalkovertheecoduct,abovetheroadorhighway.AtBanffNationalPark,inAlberta,Canada,parkemployeeshavelaboredhardtomakemorethan40ecoducts.SomeoftheecoductsinBanffarebridgesthatcrossoverthehighway.____37____Othersarecalledunderpasses.Thesearetunnelsthatgounderaroad.Mostecoductshavesoilandplantsonthemwhichprovideagoodenvironmentforwildlifeandencourageanimalstousethestructures.Someecoducts,includingmanyinCanadaandinFlorida,aremadeextremelybigsothatblackbears,deer,andtheFloridapantherwillusethem.____38____Perhapsyou’redistrustfulaboutthisidea.Youshouldn’tbe,becauseanimalsdousethem!Atfirstanimalscanbealittleunsettledofthecrossings.Expertssaythatsomebearscantakeaslongasfiveyearstostartusingthem.Whenanimalsrealizethattheecoductsaresafe,theyusethemalot!Sofar,sinceBanffNationalPark
begantomakenotesabouttheecoductsin1997,elevendifferentspeciesofmammalshaveusedtheoverpassesandunderpassesmorethan200,000times!Ecoductsareagreatwaytoprotectwildlifefromtraffic.____39____Butfornowevensnakescangetitselfacrossaroadsafelythankstoecoducts!A.Wereendangeredanimalssavedfromdyingout?B.Butdoanimalsreallyusetheseman-madebridges?C.Thesearecalledoverpassesbecausetheygooveraroad.D.Theyallowmanydifferenttypesofanimalstocrosssafelytotheotherside.E.IntheNetherlandsthereareover600specialbridgesandtunnels,calledecoducts.F.Countrieswillbebuildingmanymoreofthesestructuresaroundtheworldinthefuture.G.Franceusedtobeknownforitsdangerouscarcrasheswithanimalsuntiltheroadswereupgraded.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Areyouabookworm?Isyourheadpermanentlystuckinabook?Ifso,that’sagoodthing.Therearemanybenefitstoreading.Gettingintoagoodnovelimprovesourliteracy.Butwhoorwhatencouragesustopickupabookandstartreading?Ofcourse,whenweareyoung,ourparentsandteachersinspireusbyintroducingustocharactersthatweloveorlovetohate.Andtherearetheauthors—thepeoplewhoinventandwriteaboutthesecharacters.Goodwritingcanreallycaptureourimagination.Asachild,IlovedbookswrittenbyRoaldDahl,suchasCharlieandtheChocolateFactoryandTheTwits.Thesefictionalstorieswerefunny,mysterious,andslightlyadventurous.Thesebooksarepopularwithchildreneventoday,despitecompetitionfromcontemporaryauthors.Onemodern-daychildren’sauthorisJ.K.Rowling，who’sknownforherbooksaboutthewizard,HarryPotter.Lastyearshewasnamedasa“literacyhero”forherpartinimprovingpeople’sloveofreading.TheUK’sNationalLiteracyTrustawardedherthetitlefor“turningagenerationofchildrenintoreaders”.TheTrustalsohonouredschoolchildren,alibrarianandteachersfortheireffortintryingtogetpeopletoread.Theactor,HenryWinkler,whohasdyslexia,wasalsonamedforthebookshehaswrittenaboutaboywithlearningdifficulties.Readingbooksismorethananenjoyablepastime;itcanalsohelppeopleindifficultcircumstances.TheauthorPatWinslowworkedasawriterinprisonsandfoundreadinganddiscus-singstorieshelpedprisonersreflectontheirpatternsofbehaviour.Shesays,“Veryoftenwewouldhavediscussionsaboutthemoralcompassofacharacter,
whatwasthemotivationofsomebody,whydidtheybehavethatway?”TodayItendtoreadfactualbookssuchasbiographies,whereyougetaninsightintothelivesofimportantandwell-knownpeople.Ialsoenjoylookingattravelbooksandlearningaboutjourneysandnewdestinations.It’sagoodsubstituteifyoucan’tvisitinperson.Butthemainbenefitofreadingistoimproveourliteracy.Themorewedoit,thebetterwegetandwhoknows—onedayyoumaybecomethenextTolstoy,JackieCollinsorevenWilliamShakespeare.40.Howareweencouragedtoreadwhenweareyoung?________________41.WhywasJK.RowlingawardedbytheUK’sNationalLiteracyTrust?________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Inthefaceofthecompetitionfromcontemporaryauthors,thestoriestheauthorreadwhenhewasyoungarenotsowidelyenjoyedbyyoungreadersastheyusedtobe.________________43.Besidestheonesmentionedinthepassage,whatelsedoyouthinkcanreadingbenefitus?(Inabout40words)________________第二节书面表达(20分)44.假设你是学生会主席李华，学生会打算召开一次主题为“成功的秘诀”的线上英文演讲活动，请你写信给你的英国外教Jim，邀请他来参加你们的活动并做主题发言。内容包括：1.演讲活动举办的时间和内容；2.建议发言的具体内容及其原因。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua
