高考英语人教版一轮复习课件：必修3 Unit 4

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必修三第一部分Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars

11话题词句2基础回扣3考点串讲4层级训练

2话题词句

31．__________n．发明2．explorev．__________3．spacewalkn．__________4．____________n．现象5．__________adj.高级的；先进的；领先的6．aspacetravel__________7．comeintoexistence_________________invention探险；考查太空行走phenomenonadvanced太空之旅开始产生；成立

48．mannedspaceship______________9．________________发射卫星10．solaractivity__________11．__________对……感到自豪12．__________密切注意；当心；提防13．cometrue__________14．inthefieldofscience_____________15．improvethequalityoflifeforhumans____________________载人宇宙飞船launchasatellite太阳活动beproudofwatchout实现在科学领域为人类提高生活质量

51．______________________________makesourlifemorecolorful.是科学技术使我们的生活更加丰富多彩。2．_______________________moderntechnologybringsusconvenienceandcomfortinlife.毫无疑问，现代科技给我们的生活带来方便和舒适。3．Thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology_________________________________thedreamofgoingintoouterspace.科学技术的发展使得中国实现进入外太空的梦想变得可能。ItisscienceandtechnologythatItgoeswithoutsayingthatmakesitpossibleforChinatorealize

6基础回扣

7Ⅰ.单词识记1．____________adj.基本的；基础的2．__________vi.&vt.碰撞；坠落3．__________n.[C]系统；体系；制度4．____________n.[U]大气层；[C]气氛5．__________n.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力6．__________vi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n．漂浮物7．__________adj.有害的→________n.[U]害处vt.对……有害词汇素养fundamentalcrashsystematmospherepullfloatharmfulharm

88．__________adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→__________n.[C]暴力→__________adv.猛烈地；激烈地9．__________vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→n．[C]谜；难题→__________adj.令人迷惑的→__________adj.迷惑不解的10．__________prep.不同；不像→__________(反义词)prep.像→__________v.&n．不喜欢11．__________vi.存在；生存→__________n.[U]存在violentviolenceviolentlypuzzlepuzzlingpuzzledunlikelikedislikeexistexistence

912．__________n.球体；地球仪→__________adj.全球性的；全世界的13．__________adj.温和的；文雅的→__________adv.温和地；文雅地；温柔地14．religionn．_______________15．astronomyn．__________16．theoryn．_______________17．thusadv._______________globeglobalgentlegently宗教；宗教信仰天文学学说；理论因此；于是

10Ⅱ.词汇运用1．Playingcomputergameswillnotonlydo__________toyourphysicalhealth,butitisalso__________toyourmentalhealth.Sothereisno__________inadvisingyoutogiveitup.(harm)2．Lastnight,wehadadiscussion,whichbecamemoreandmore__________.Finallywereachedanagreementthatwewillneveruse__________nomatterwhathappens.(violent)harmharmfulharmviolentviolence

113．Doyoubelievethe__________(exist)ofghosts?Perhapstheyonly__________inthemindsofsomepeople.(exist)4．Weliveina__________(globe)village,butthisdoesn'tmeanthatweallbehaveinthesameway.5．Therewasa__________lookonthelittlegirl'sfacebecausea__________problem__________her.(puzzle)existenceexistglobalpuzzledpuzzlingpuzzled

12Ⅲ.单词巧记1．与“太空”有关的高频单词集锦①astronomyn．天文学②astronautn．宇航员③gravityn．万有引力④satelliten．卫星⑤orbitn．轨道⑥spaceshipn．宇宙飞船⑦universen．宇宙⑧launchvt.发射

132．各种“碰撞”聚焦①crashv．碰撞；坠落②bumpn．&v．撞；碰撞(声)③collidev．碰撞；相撞④collisionn．撞击；碰撞⑤runinto撞上⑥knockinto撞上

143．un前缀高频形容词全接触①unlike不像的②unable不能……的③unacceptable不能接受的④unbelievable不可相信的⑤uncertain不确定的⑥unclear不清楚的⑦uncomfortable不舒服的⑧unfair不公平的

15Ⅰ.短语默写1．__________及时；终于2.__________下蛋3．______________产生；分娩4.______________轮到某人；接着5．______________阻止；制止短语速记intimelayeggsgivebirthtoinone'sturnprevent...from

166.___________挡住(光线)7．__________感到高兴；感到振奋8．__________既然9.___________突发；爆发10．_____________密切注意；当心；提防blockoutcheerupnowthatbreakoutwatchoutfor

17Ⅱ.短语填空1．Oncehehasmadeuphismind,noonecan__________him__________carryingouttheplan.2．Youmustgetthere__________eveniftheweathershouldchange.3．(2017·全国Ⅲ七选五)__________youknowwhyyouwanttowakeup,considerrearrangingyourmorningactivities.4．Idohopeshecan__________andacceptthechallengeoflifebravely!preventfromintimeNowthatcheerup

185．Beforethewar__________，manypeopleputawaypossessionstheycouldnottakewiththeminsafeplaces.6．Mum,youhadmedothecleaningyesterday,sotodayTom，__________，shoulddothewashing!7．Theotherdaymypetcat______________anewlittlecat.8．Toensuregoodsleep,sheboughtaheavycurtainto__________thelight.brokeoutinhisturngavebirthtoblockout

19Ⅲ.联想归纳1．表达“小心；当心”的高频短语荟萃①watchout(for)小心；当心(……)②lookout当心③takecare小心④becareful小心

202．“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达(1)阻止某人做某事①preventsb.fromdoingsth.②stopsb.fromdoingsth.③keepsb.fromdoingsth.(2)禁止某人做某事④prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.⑤bansb.fromdoingsth.⑥forbidsb.fromdoingsth.

21句式悟通背会原句知晓考点我会仿用1.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语todevelop。1.(2017·全国Ⅲ阅读)Bradford说城市里的现代大剧院使Plaza这一个小剧院难以与之抗衡。Bradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecity___________________________________________.madeitimpossibleforthePlazatocompete

22背会原句知晓考点我会仿用2.IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。“...倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as...”是倍数表达法之一，意为“……是……的多少倍”。2.我付出的是以前三倍的时间和精力。Idevoted______________________________________Ididbefore.threetimesasmuchtimeandenergyas

23背会原句知晓考点我会仿用3.“Oh，dear，”Icried,“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”nowthat“既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略3.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)既然你对中国传统文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日你值得体验。____________________________traditionalChineseculture,Ithoughtthisfestivalwouldbeaworthwhileexperienceforyou.Nowthatyouareinterestedin

24考点串讲

25(1)beharmfultosb.对某人有害(2)harmn．&vt.损伤；伤害do/causesb.harm(＝do/causeharmtosb.)对某人有害domoreharmthangood弊大于利There's(no)harmin(sb.'s)doingsth.(某人)做某事(没)有害处meannoharm没有恶意(3)harmlessadj.无害的精研词汇短语1．harmfuladj.有害的；伤害的

26单句语法填空。①Asweallknow,abadeatinghabitis__________(harm)toone'shealth.②AsfarI'mconcerned,thereisnoharm__________makinganapologytohimfirst.③(安徽高考书面表达)Thesedays,breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotuncommon,causingseriousharm__________lifeandtheenvironment.harmfulinto

27一句多译。有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。④Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer,_______________________________.⑤Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer,and____________________________.whichisveryharmfultotheirhealthitdoesgreatharmtotheirhealth

28(1)Thereexists/existed...某地有……；存在……existon(liveon)sth.靠某物生存existby靠……方式为生existin存在于……之中(2)existencen.存在；生存comeintoexistence开始存在；成立inexistence现存的；现有的(3)existingadj.目前的；现存的2．existvi.存在；生存；存活；继续存在

29exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。完成句子。①Asisknowntous,__________agenerationgapbetweentheyoungandtheold.众所周知，青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。②Youcan'timaginewhatdifficultytheyhave__________themoneyheisearning.你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么的困难。thereexistsexistingon

30单句语法填空。③Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcameinto__________(exist)．④(2016·上海高考)Whatisthe__________(exist)problemwithstandingontherightandwalkingontheleft?⑤Eventhoughheisalittleboy,strangeideasalwaysexist__________hismind.高考小作文。⑥(北京高考书面表达)在我们学校自行车的存放地是一个长久以来就存在的问题。Theparkingplaceforbikes____________________________________inourschool.existenceexistinginwasanexistingproblemforalongtime

31(1)puzzleabout/over苦苦思索；仔细琢磨puzzlesth.out琢磨出……的答案；开动脑筋bepuzzledby被……迷惑(2)apuzzletosb.一件让某人感到困惑的事情beinapuzzle感到困惑；不知如何是好(3)puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的puzzledadj.迷惑不解的；困惑的bepuzzledabout对……迷惑不解3．puzzlen．迷；难题vi&vt.(使)迷惑；(使)为难

32完成句子。①(牛津高阶)Hewastryingto_____________whyhehadbeenbroughttothehouse.他想弄明白自己为何被带到这所房子。②_____________________________wasthattheycouldnotfindthecauseofthedisease.使医生最困惑的是他们找不到致病的原因。puzzleoutWhatpuzzledthedoctorsmost

33③I'm__________astowhattodonext.对于下一步该做什么我不知道。④Wherethemissingplanehasgonestillremains__________us.失联飞机去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。⑤The__________lookonherfacesuggestedshewas__________overthe__________mathsproblem.她脸上困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考令人困惑的数学问题。inapuzzleapuzzletopuzzledpuzzlingpuzzling

34pullthrough康复；痊愈pulldown拉下(窗帘等)；拆毁；拆掉(房屋等)pullout拔出；(列车等)出站；启程pullin(列车等)驶进；到站；(船)靠岸pullsb.through(使)渡过危机(难关)pull...up把……往上拽；停止pullover(机动车辆等)停靠(在路边)4．pulln．&vt.拉(力)；托；牵引力

35完成句子。①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Larry__________，setthebrakeandgotholdofthefireextinguisher(灭火器)．拉里停下车，将车设为制动状态并抓起灭火器开始灭火。②(2016·江苏高考)Inowregularly__________myphonetocheckafact,watchavideo,readweibo.现在我会定期拿出手机核查事实，看录像及读微博。pulledoverpulledout

36③He__________hiscoatandjoinedusinthework.他脱去上衣，便和我们一起干了起来。④Thepolicecarsignaledtousto__________.警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。⑤Theyare_____________thosehousestomakeroomforanewhotel.为了给新旅馆腾地，他们正在拆除那些房屋。⑥Everyonewasveryconcernedwhetherhewould____________ornot.每个人都很关心他是否能痊愈。pulledoffpullinpullingdownpullthrough

37ontime准时allthetime一直；始终atonetime曾经；一度atatime每次；逐一attimes有时；间或atalltimes随时；总是fromtimetotime有时；偶尔innotime立刻；马上5．intime及时；终于；总有一天

38atnotime绝不timeandtimeagain一次又一次；一再takeone'stime别着急；慢慢来killtime消磨时间(1)intime后可接forsth./todosth.的形式，意为“做某事及时/来得及”。(2)atnotime等含否定意义的词组位于句首，句子要部分倒装；innotime意为“立刻，马上”，无否定意义，置于句首，不引起倒装。

39完成句子。①(2017·全国Ⅲ七选五)Doyouwanttogetup______________________withyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?你想早早起床以便来得及和你的家人一起吃早饭，进行锻炼，或者为你的一天进行更充分的准备？②Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceed__________.如果坚持下去，总有一天你会成功的。③We'lldoupyourcar__________atall.我们很快就能把你的汽车修好。intimetohavebreakfastintimeinnotime

40④Ifyoucan'tarrivethere__________，youshouldinformthemofitinadvance.如果你不能按时到达，应该预先通知他们。⑤(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)____________，Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.我曾一度感觉父母不理解我，因此我希望能够摆脱他们的束缚。⑥(2016·北京高考)Anxious__________，Iwasunabletokeepfocusedformorethananhour__________.我一直都很焦虑，很难一次集中注意力一个多小时。ontimeAtonetimeallthetimeatatime

41inturn依次；轮流；逐个；相应地；转而byturns轮流；依次taketurnsdoing/todosth.轮流做……It'sone'sturntodosth.轮到某人干某事Itturns/turnedoutthat...结果……6．inone'sturn轮到某人；接着

42完成句子。①Alltheoriesarefrompracticeand__________servepractice.所有的理论都来源于实践，并转而为实践服务。②When_______________，Iamtooexcitedtospeak.当轮到我时，我激动地说不出话来。inturnit'sinmyturn

43③Ithink_____________todrivethekidstoschoolthisweek.我想这周该轮到我开车送孩子们上学了。④Theyoungparentshadto_____________tolookaftertheirsickbaby.这对年轻的父母不得不轮流照看他们生病的样子。⑤________________thisyoungmanwasnoneotherthantheoldman'sson.结果这位年轻人竟然正是这个老人的儿子。it'smyturntaketurnsIttrunedoutthat

44cheersb.up使某人振作起来cheersb.on(比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油cheerfor...为……而欢呼Cheers!口语(用于祝酒)干杯！7．cheerup感到高兴；感到振奋

45完成句子。①WhenI'mfeelingsad,mymothertellsmefunnystoriesto__________me__________.当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事哄我高兴。②(2016·天津高考)Cathydidn'texpectanyawardbutwasstillthereto__________herfriendsandpraisetheiraccomplishments.凯西没有期待任何奖项，但仍然在那里为朋友的成就鼓劲加油。cheerupcheeron

46本句中的两个whether分别引导主语从句和宾语从句。精析句型结构1．Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.

47whether与if引导名词性从句时的区别：(1)whether可以直接与ornot连用，if不可以。(2)引导位于句首的主语从句，用whether，不用if。(3)引导表语从句和同位语从句，用whether，不用if。(4)动词不定式之前用whether，不用if。(5)介词之后的宾语从句用whether，不用if。

48根据括号内汉语意思完成句子。①_________________________________(明天我们是否去野营)dependsontheweather.②Wehaven'tsettledtheproblemof____________________________________________(他是否有必要去国外学习)．③Iwonder___________________(你能否帮我)．Whetherwe'llgocampingtomorrowwhetheritisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroadifyoucanhelpme

49本句中的twiceas...as...表示“是……的几倍”，该句型中的twice也可用half,onethird等词，表示“是……的一半/几分之几”。2．ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。

50有关倍数的表达方式还有：①倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as...②倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than...③倍数＋the＋名词＋of...

51(1)在“倍数＋the＋名词＋of”结构中，常用的名词有size,height,weight,length,width等。(2)两倍用twice或double，不到一倍用分数表示，三倍或三倍以上一般用times来表示，如threetimes,fourtimes等。

52根据括号内汉语意思完成句子。①Itissaidthatthepowerplantisnow__________________________(过去的两倍)．②Ournewcampusisfivetimes____________________(旧校园大小)．③Asnewtechnologyisintroduced,thiscompany______________________________________________(生产的电脑是去年的三倍)．twiceaslargeaswhatitwasthesizeoftheoldoneproducesthreetimesasmanycomputersaslastyear

53单句改错。④ItisreportedthattheUnitedStatesusestwiceasmanyenergyasthewholeofEurope.________________⑤Thisbigstoneisthreetimesasheavierasthatone.________________⑥Therearefourtimesmanybooksinourlibrarythaninyours.________________many→muchheavier→heavymany→more

54这是“makeit＋形容词/名词＋todosth.”句型。该句型中it为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构，形容词或名词为宾语补足语。3．Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使生命的发展成为可能。

55

56完成句子。①Masteringthetechnology___________________________theInternetmoreeffectively.精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。②Spaceships______________________tothemoon.宇宙飞船使去月球旅行成为可能。③Duringthisweek,______________tojogeveryday.在这一周当中一定要养成天天进行慢跑的习惯。makesitpossibleforustousemakeitpossibletotravelmakeitarule

57④Ihavediscoveredthatit___________________.我发现那让他们感到高兴。⑤Theteacherraisedhisvoicesothathecould___________________.老师提高了嗓音以便于被别人听到。makesthemhappymakehimselfheard

58层级训练

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