备战2023年全国通用高考英语复习考点 03 代词（核心考点精讲练）(原卷版)

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考点03代词（核心考点精讲练）代词在近年高考试题中出现频率非常高。代词的考查集中在语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查代词的主格，宾格，形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词和反身代词。预计2023年高考命题将继续考查代词在具体、特定语境下的灵活运用。特别是不定代词one，theone，ones，theones与指示代词this，that，these，those，it的用法区别，代词的肯定与否定、全部与部分的用法以及反身代词的惯用语。考点仍然以人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词等为主。纵观历年高考试题，对代词的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1.不定代词one，theone，ones，theones，another，theother的用法,many,much,few,little,afew,alittle的用法辨析；以及both,all,any,either,neither,none的辨析；2.物主代词的用法；3.人称代词主格和宾格的用法；4.表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较；5.指示代词this，that，these，those，it的用法；6.another，(the)other(s)，else，therest的用法；7.every-，some-，any-，no与-thing，-one，-body构成的复合不定代词的用法。在解题时一定要明确考点，对比分析，对症下药，尤其是要掌握容易混淆的代词的辨析。◆代词的考查要点代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。一、人称代词人称代词形式数、格人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格

1第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyour第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit1.人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下四种情况：①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。—Susan，goandjoinyoursistercleaningtheyard.—Whyme？Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。Thethiefwasthoughttobehe.(thethief是主格，故用he替代)Theytookmetobeher.他们误以为我是她。(me是宾格，故用her替代)③作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。Imetherinthehospital.→ItwasherwhoImetinthehospital.④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：Heistallerthanme(I).但在下列句中有区别：IlikeJackasmuchasher.＝IlikebothJackandher.IlikeJackasmuchasshe.＝IlikeJackandshelikeshim，too.2.两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：在并列主语中，＂I＂总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二三一(人称)。宾格me也一样。You，sheandIwillbeinchargeofthecase.Mr.ZhangaskedLiHuaandmetohelphim.一、物主代词物主代词形式

2意义类别我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersoursyourstheirs1.物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词相当于一个形容词，在句子中作前置定语，不能单独使用。ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s但是我与熊猫的联系追溯到二十世纪八十年代，我在电视节目中的日子。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”可单独充当句子的主语，表语和宾语。Yourcoatisblack.Mineisred.Thereissomethingwrongwithmyphone.MayIuseyours?1.（单句语法填空）_______(they)comingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.19．（单句语法填空）To________________greatcredit,theyoungmansucceededinaccomplishingthetask.一、反身代词反身代词形式人称数第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself/herself/itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves1.反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。2.反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语。devoteoneselfto致力于dressoneself自己穿衣enjoyoneself过得快活feeloneself觉得正常

33.反身代词还可用于某些成语中。foroneself为自己；独立地ofoneself自然地；自动地byoneself独自地inoneself本身1.(2020.7.山东新高考)Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimagine42(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalking(walk)througharainforest.2.（单句语法填空）Actually,IdoknowIneedtodrag________(I)awayfromtheonlineworldsometimes.2.（单句语法填空）Iwonderwhetheryouhaveasked________(you)whatyoureallywant.四、相互代词(eachother，oneanother)相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为eachother’s，oneanother’s，作定语。一般来说，eachother指两者之间，oneanother指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。五、指示代词(this，that，these，those，such，same)指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。1.指示代词this(these)和that(those)的区别。①this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。Thisismydeskandthatisyours.Inthosedaystheycouldnotgotoschool.②this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。Iwanttotellyouthis：theEnglishpartywillbeheldonSaturdayafternoon.Hehurthislegyesterday.That’swhyhedidn’tcome.③为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofNanjing.Theearsofarabbitarelongerthanthoseofafox.④this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that用于询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。Canhardworkchangeapersonthatmuch?

4考向1对替代词的考查1.that(those),one(ones)和it(的替代用法)代词用法it特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物that可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词相当于theone。其复数形式为those，相当于theonesone指代前面出现过的那类事物中的＂一个＂，其复数形式为onesthose指＂the＋名词复数(尤其是有后置定语时)＂—Didyougetaticket?——你搞到票了吗？—Yes,Imanagedtogetone.——是的，我设法搞到了一张。TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofGuangzhou.北京的天气比广州冷。StudyingWendy’smenu，IfoundthatmanyoftheitemsaresimilartothoseofMcDonald’s.研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。Theweatherhereistoocold.Idon’tlikeit.这儿的天气太冷了，我不喜欢这儿的天气。说明：①one和that都可以用来替代上文中所出现的名词，有时可以互换；但是在下列情况下不可以互换：只能用that只能用onethat既可替代可数名词，也可替代不可数名词，常要求有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为those。one只能替代可数名词单数，复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用one②theones用来替代上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况下。Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthanthose/theonesunderthedesk.桌上的那些书比桌下的好。Onlythose(theones)whohadbookedinadvancewereallowedin.只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。但是，theones中的ones根据情况可用形容词修饰，而those不可以。

5—Whichdoyouwant?你想要哪个?—I’llhavetheredones.我要红色的。Don’tbuytheexpensiveapples;getthecheaperones.别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。【知识链接】1.当替代词one/ones紧跟在形容词最高级、序数词以及this,that,these,those,which,either,neither,another等限定词之后时，通常可以省略。如：　　Ithinkmydog’sthefastest(one).我想我的狗是跑得最快的(一只)。　　Either(one)willsuitme.(这两个当中)哪一个对我都合适。　　Let’shaveanother(one).咱们再来一个吧。　　Shelookedateach(one)carefullybeforeshechose.她仔细地看了看每一个，然后才挑选。　　Which(one)wouldyoulike?—That(one)looksthenicest.您要哪一个?——看起来那个最好。　　2.复数形式的ones之前一般不直接用名词所有格、物主代词、数词以及some,any,both,several,dozen,own等词修饰。如：　　Haveyougotanydrawing-pins?CanIborrowsomeplease?你有图钉吗?我能借一些吗?(不能说：…someones?)　　Doyouhaveanynewdiaries?—Wedon’thaveanyatthemoment.你有没有新的日记本?——我们眼下一本也没有了。(不能说：...anyones?)　　HehasthreedictionariesandIhaveonlytwo.他有三本词典，但我只有两本。(不能说：...twoones.)　　注：如果ones前有描绘性形容词修饰，则可以使用上述词语。如：　　误：herones/someones/anyones/fiveones/yourownones　　正：herredones/somenewones/anyoldones/fivebadones/yourownniceones　　在美国英语中，ones不能紧跟在these和those之后。但是在英国英语中可以这样用(也不常见)。　　3.当一个名词受另一个名词修饰时，通常不宜用one(s)来替代。如：　　Doyouneedcoffeecupsorteacups?你们需要咖啡杯还是要茶杯?(不能说：...orteaones?)　　但若一个名词受表材料的名词修饰，可用one(s)替代。如：　　Wecanlendyouplasticchairsormetalones.我们可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。1.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）Astudyshowsthestudentswhoareengagedinafter-schoolactivitiesarehappier

6than_________whoarenot.A.onesB.thoseC.theseD.them2．Beingaparentisnotalwayseasy,andbeingtheparentofachildwithspecialneedsoftencarrieswith_______extrastress.A．itB．themC．oneD．him3．In2016,Iwroteabook,After9/11，aboutmyexperiencesand_______ofoveradozenofmyformerclassmates.A．thatB．thoseC．theoneD．ones4．ThenewinformationwillhelpThaimusicculturedevelop,aswellas________ofnearbycountries.A．itB．oneC．thoseD．that考向2对both，all，either，any，neither，none的考查这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be动词之后，行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。1)　both(两者都)，either(两者中任何一个)，neither(两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。　Neitherofthetwoboysisclever.　两个男孩都不聪明。　2)both，either　both与复数连用，either与单数连用。　Boththeboysareclever.　两个男孩都很聪明。　Eitherofthetwoboysisclever.两个男孩都很聪明。　Thereareflowersonbothsidesofthestreet.(两岸)路边长满了花。　Thereareflowersoneithersideofthestreet.(岸的两边)路边长满了花。　3)all(所有的，全部的人或物)，any(任何一个)，none(都不)。以上词使用范围为三者以上。　Alltheflowersaregone.　所有的花都谢了。　Idon'tlikeanyoftheflowers.　这些花我都不喜欢。　Ilikenoneoftheflowers.　这些花我都不喜欢。　注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词;跟复数名词，用复数动词。　Allofthestudentsarethere.　所有的学生都在那。

7　All(of)themilkisthere.所有的牛奶都在那。1.Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey,but_______containedanyusefulsuggestions.A.allB.noneC.eitherD.neither2.—WhenshallIcall,inthemorningorafternoon?—_______.I’llbeinallday.A.AnyB.NoneC.NeitherD.Either3.AlthoughRosemaryhadsufferedfromaseriousillnessforyears,shelost_______ofherenthusiasmforlife.A.nooneB.neitherC.noneD.all4.Mybrotherwouldliketobuyagoodwatchbut_______wasavailablefromthatshop.A.nothingB.noneC.nooneD.neither考向3对another，theother，other，others，theothers的考查代词用法other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义theothertheother可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的＂另一个＂；也可修饰名词，表示＂另外的……＂another单独使用或修饰单数可数名词，表示泛指＂另一，再一＂；泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的＂另一个＂。另外another后可接＂基数词/few＋复数名词＂形式，表示＂另外的……(多少)＂others单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为＂其他的人或事物＂，常与some一起出现theothers意为＂剩余的一些＂Hisparentsbothworkinahospital.Oneisadoctorandtheotherisanurse.他父母都在一家医院工作。一个是医生，一个是护士。WhenAmericansmovedfromoneplacetoanother，theytooktheirdialectswiththem.当美国人从一个地方迁移到另一个地方时，他们带着自己的方言。Youareateamstar！Workingwithothersisreallyyourcupoftea.

8你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。Ihavethreedaughters.Oneisanurse，anotherisateacherandstillanotherisaworker.我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。Weneedanotherfewchairs.我们还需要几把椅子。1.Itseemedsosadthatthetwo,whohadbeenlovers,pretendednottorecognize________whentheymetinthestreet.A．neitherB．theotherC．eachotherD．another2.—Wouldyougetmeabarofchocolatefromthekitchen,dear?—_______one?A.OtherB.EveryC.AnotherD.More3.Tostayawake,hefinishedacupofcoffeeandordered_______.A.theotherB.otherC.theothersD.another4.Youaretheteamstar!Workingwith_______isreallyyourcupoftea.A.bothB.eitherC.othersD.theother1.Recently,as(I)grandmotherbecameill,Ifound(I)spendingmoretimeinthehospital.2.Ihatewhenshecallsmeatwork-I’malwaystoobusytocarryonaconversationwith(she).3.Iamblessedtohaveaclosefriend,withagenerousheartandaninterestingsoul.4.suddenlyoccurredtohimthatwasbadmannerstoarguewiththeteacherbeforehefiguredouttheproblem.5.NooneisgreaterthanHawking,becausehehasreshaped(we)understandingofwhatitmeanstobethosewhoarebrokeninbodybutfirminspirit.6.Despite(he)oldage,Jackisstillinbettershapethanmanyyoungmen.7.You’dbettertakedownthenumberthatJimtoldyoujustnowincaseyouforget.8.–-Myrulerisbroken.CanIborrow(you)?--Ofcourse.Hereis.9.Inhisletter,hethanked(I)formyappreciatinghiswork.10.isbelievedthatitwashisabilitytoworkunderpressurethatledtohisgreatsuccess.11.Inthepast13years,ZhangGuimeihashelpedmorethan1,600girlsachieve(they)university

9dreams.12.Generally,peopledefineasuccessfullifeasbeinghappy,healthy,andabletoenjoylifeto(it）fullest.13.Nowadays,schoolsafetyisahotissue.Ithinkthisisaphenomenon,callingforourgreatconcern.14.IhadthisideaafewyearsagobutIcouldn’tfindamanufacturerthatcoulddeliverwhatIwanted,soIdiditby(I).15.Helentmeafewbooks,butofthemareeasytoread.16.It’sreportedthatboysusuallycopythebehavioroftheirfathers’,andgirlsoftheirmothers’.17.Sometimestheyjustdriveslowly,enjoyingthesceneryonsidesoftheroad.18.Icameacrossagoodfriendof(I)inthesquaretheotherday,butwedidn’ttalkmuchbecausehewasrushingtocatchthebus.19.Takingregularexerciseisonegoodwaytohelpuskeepfitandhavingabalanceddietis.19．TheSmithsdid(they)besttomakemeandmyfriendfeelathome,andwebothwerereallymovedbytheirgenerosity.1.（2022全国乙卷语法填空）TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony,opening_____50_____(it)firstexhibition:TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu’erTea.2.（2022全国乙卷短文改错）Whenyourideabicycle,youdon’tusepetrol.Sotheyarenotproducingcarbondioxideandnotcauseairpollution.3.（2022全国甲卷短文改错）Oneday,myfathertalkedwithmeandhopedtomendourrelations.Withtheeffortsmadebyallsides,webegantounderstandeachotherbetter.4.（2022全国甲卷短文改错）MyfatheroftentookmetohishospitalwhenIwasoffmyschool.【2021年高考语法填空】1.（2021新高考一卷）Asthesonggoes,thislongandwindingroad"willneverdisappear",anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor'smemory.Itsuredoesin    ________    (I).2.（2021全国乙卷）Ecotourismhas    65.  _____  (it)originwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.3.（2021年6月浙江卷）Shewasextremelypretty,andherhousewasareflectionof   41 ______      (she),everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder."【2020年】（2020·山东卷）Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)

10andimagine42．(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalkingthrougharainforest.【2019年】（2019·北京卷）Nervouslyfacingchallenges,IknowIwillwhisperto3(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.【2018年】1.（2018·全国卷I）Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70.______atry.2.（2018·浙江卷）ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap58._____canbetoeatout.【2017年】（2017·浙江卷）Pahlssonscreamedsoloudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.“ShethoughtIhadhurt59._____(I),”saysPahlsson.高考短文改错2下列各句中均有一处错误，指出并改正。1.(2021全国甲卷)Onlyalittlechoosetodealwiththeproblemsontheirown.2.(2021全国甲卷)Onlyafewchoosetodealwiththeproblemsonourown.3.(2021全国乙卷)Ilovedoinghousework....Inmyopinion,studentscanbenefitalotdoingsomehousework....That’sourviewonhousework.4.(2020·全国I)“Notthatway,”mymomtriedtostopusbutfailed.5.(2020·全国Ⅱ)BestofluckwithyourslearningkungfuinChina.6(2020·全国III)Butheinsistsonuseatinghealthyfood.7.(2019·全国III)Inthecafe,customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhichiscreatedforthem.8.(2018·全国Ⅰ)ThefirsttimeIwentthere,theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs,ducks,andanotheranimals.9.(2018·全国Ⅱ)NomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchcartoons,myparentswouldnotletme.Theywouldsaytousthatplayingcardgameswouldhelpmybrain.10.(2018·全国Ⅲ)IhaddonemyselfhomeworkbutIwasshy.11.(2017·全国Ⅰ)Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenthbirthday,Itookdrivinglessons.Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.12.(2017·全国Ⅱ)Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.

1113.(2017·全国Ⅲ)Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesofyourhighschooldays.