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考点15非谓语动词(三)近年来,高考对非谓语动词的可知主要集中在非谓语动词的句法功能(作宾语、主语、补语,表语和状语);现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析;现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成;现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联和状语系和纽带作用等。另外,对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能。预测2023年高考非谓语动词仍将是考查的重点热点。非谓语动词在语法填空、短文改错中必考点。考查其句法功能;考查V-ing与V-ed的辨析仍然是重点。1.非谓语动词的基本用法和含义;2.非谓语动词的时态和语态;3.非谓语动词的句法功能;4.非谓语动词在不同的语境、语意下的运用。考向六非谓语动词作宾补1.只能跟不定式作补语的动词及动词词组:advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,force,intend,invite,order,prefer,remind,reqire,teach,tell,want,wish,callon,等Thedoctorwarnedhimnottoeattoomuchmeat.医生警告他不要吃太多肉。注意:1.think,consider,believesuppose,feel,find,imagine,prove,appoint,jugde等后常用“tobe"作宾补/主补。Peopleconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.人们认为他是一位伟大的领袖。2.fear,excuse/forgive,refuse,punish,suggest/propose,agree/aprove,inform,welcome,accompany,blame,insist/persist,hope,arrange,demand,thank,congratulate,prevent等后不能使用不定式作宾补。2.感官动词(词组)see,watch,observe,lookat,notice,hear,listento,feel的宾语补足语有四种形式,以see为例:
1☞Isawhimleaveafewminutesago.我看见他几分钟前离开了。☞TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglishspokenasmuchaspossible.为了学好英语,我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。3.使役动词make,let,have,get后加复合宾语的情况Theteacherraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimselfheard.那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。☞Letthoseinneedunderstandthatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.让那些需要(帮助)的人明白我们会尽全力去帮他们。☞Hehadthefireburningallnight.他让火燃烧了一夜。
2☞Hetriedtogethisworkrecognizedinthemedicalcircles.他试图使他的工作在医学界被认可。易混辨析(1)现在分词作补足语由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补足语,表示过程的一部分;而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词作宾语补足语,表示动作的反复。☞IheardhersingingwhenIpassedbyherroom.我路过她房间时,听到她正在唱歌。(动作正在进行,宾语是动作的发出者)☞Ifoundthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywherethen.那时我发现人们在到处谈论这个话题。(动作正在进行,宾语是动作的承受者)☞Areyoulisteningtothemquarrelling?你在听他们吵架吗?(动作正在进行,宾语是动作的发出者)☞Hisremarkssetmethinking.他的话引起了我的深思。(动作正在进行,宾语是动作的发出者)☞Theexplosionsentusrunninginalldirections.那次爆炸把我们吓得东奔西逃。(动作正在进行,宾语是动作的发出者)(2)不定式作补语①不定式作补语,表示动作的全过程或者是动作已经结束。☞Didyounoticehimleavethehouse?你看到他离开房间了吗?☞Iheardhersayso.我听见她是这么说的。②某些动词短语后面接不定式作宾语补足语。此类短语有:callon,relyon,dependon,waitfor,longfor,votefor等。☞Youcandependonhertobelate.可以担保她必定迟到。☞Wearelongingfortheholidaytocome.我们渴望着假日的到来。③动词think,consider,believe,find,feel,know,guess,prove,suppose,imagine等词后面,常接"tobe+形容词(名词或反身代词)"结构。☞He’sthoughttobeoneoftherichestmeninEurope.人们认为他是欧洲最大的富翁之一。☞Imagineyourself(tobe)richandfamous.想象一下你又有钱,又有名的情况。
31.Eagerreaderscancheckwithlibraries______________iftheyhavepeopleinterestedinbookdiscussion.A.seeingB.seeC.toseeD.tohaveseen2.Wehurriedlyendedourmeeting,leavingmanyproblems______.A.tobesettledB.tosettleC.settledD.havingsettled3.Withalargeamountofwork_________forthisfiercespeechcontest,thestudentshavebeenstayingupthesedaystomakefullpreparationsforit.A.remainingtobefinishedB.remainedfinishedC.remainedbeingdoneD.remainingtofinish考向七省to的动词不定式一、使役动词后省略to的情况在let,make,have等使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。如:☞Mymotherwouldn’tletmegotothefilm.我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。☞Idon’tlikemilk,butmothermademedrinkit.我不喜欢牛奶,可是母亲强迫我喝。注意:1.当使役动词用于被动语态时,要补上在主动语态中省略的to(主要是指make,let和have很少用于被动语态)。2.force,oblige等虽然也表示2.force,oblige"使",但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。如:☞Heforcedmetogowiththem.他迫使我同他们一起去。☞Thepoliceobligedhimtoleave.警方强迫他离开。二、感官动词后省略to的情况在感觉动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。如:☞Iwatchedhergetintothecar.我看着她上了车。☞Isawthewomanenterabank.我看见这个女人进了一家银行。☞Weoftenhearhersingthissong.我们经常听到她唱这首歌。☞Didyounoticeherleavethehouse?她离开屋子你注意到了吗?注意:1.这里所说的感觉动词主要包括see,hear,observe,notice,feel,watch等。但是它们用于被动语态时,其后的不定式必须带to。但是,用于以上句型的动词notice和watch和通常不用于被动语态。
42.类似地,动词lookat和listento后用作宾语补足语的不定式也不带to。3.若动词feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为tobe,则要带to(其他情况不带to)。4.若不定式为完成式,通常应带to。三、动词help后省略to的情况在动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式可以不带to。如:☞CanIhelp(to)carrythisheavybox?我可以帮忙扛这个重箱子吗?☞Motherhelpedme(to)domyhomework.妈妈帮助我做作业。注意:1.当help之后接一个较长的名词词组作宾语或当其中的不定式所表示的动作主语不直接参加时,不定式通常带to。如:☞Helpthelittleboysatthebackofthehalltocarrythechairsout.请帮大厅后面那些小男孩把椅子搬出去。☞Thesetabletswillhelpyoutosleep.这些药片将对你的睡眠有帮助。2.在当help用于被动语态时,不定式前的to不能省略。如:☞Theboywashelpedbyawomantocollecthisscatteredcoins.那男孩由一个妇女帮他捡拾散乱一地的钱币。四、why(not)…后省略to的情况在why(not)…?之后的不定式不能带to。如:☞Whygowithhim?为什么要同他一起去?☞Whynotasktheteacher?为什么不去问问老师?☞Whynottrytoexpandyourstoryintoanovel?你怎么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢?五、介词except/but后省略to的情况用作介词except,but宾语的不定式有时带to,有时不带to。其大致原则是:若其前出现了动词do,其后的不定式通常不带to;若其前没有出现动词do,则其后的不定式通常带to。如:☞Ihadnochoicebuttowait.除了等,我没有别的选择。☞Hewantednothingbuttostaythere.他只想留在那儿。☞Ithadnoeffectexcepttomakehimangry.Ithadnoeffectexcepttomakehimangry.除惹他生气外,没产生任何效果。☞Shecandoeverythingexceptcook.除了做饭之外她什么都会。六、主语带do表语省略to的情况当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时,用作表语的不定式可以省略to。如:☞Allyoudonowis(to)completetheform.你现在要做的只是把这张表填好。☞Theonlythingtodonowis(to)goon.前进是现在唯一的出路。☞WhatI’lldois我要做的就是告诉她真相。七、并列不定式省略to的情况当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列时,通常只需在第一个不定式前用to,其余不定式前的to可以省略。如:☞Hetoldmetostaythereandwaitforhim.他叫我在那儿等他。
5☞I’mreallypuzzledwhattothinkorsay.我真不知该怎么想怎么说。☞Itiseasiertopersuadepeoplethan(to)forcethem.说服人容易,强迫人难。但是,如果两者有对比关系,则后面不定式前的to不可省略。如:☞Totryandfailisbetterthannottotryatall.尝试而失败总比不尝试好。八、省略不定式是否保留to在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,有时不定式可以省略,但通常保留不定式符号to。如:☞IshallgoifIwantto.如果我想去就去。☞"Don’tbelate.""I’lltrynotto.""不要来晚了。""我尽量不来晚。"☞Don’tgotillItellyouto.等我叫你走你再走。注意:1.若被省略的不定式为tobe短语,则通常应保留tobe。如:☞Heisnotthemanheusedtobe.他已不是原来的那个样子了。2.有时省略不定式时,同时也可省略to。如:☞Shemaygoifshelikes(to).她想去就可以去。Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher__________(grow)upfromchildhood.1.(2021•南开区期中模拟•单项填空•T11)TheCOVID-19hasdealtaheavyblowtotheworldeconomy,_______fromtheCOVID-19crisis,theChinesegovernmentismakingjointefforts.A.recoveringB.torecoverC.havingrecoveredD.recover2.(2021•南开中学二模•单项填空•T5)When______differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingmanysimilarities.A.beingcomparedB.comparingC.ComparedD.havingbeencompared3.(2021•南开中学一模•单项填空•T9)__________thecenteroftheTiananmenSquare,wesawagiantflowerbasketwiththethemeof“GoodLuck.China”forthecelebrationoftheNationalDay.A.ApproachingB.ToapproachC.ApproachedD.Beingapproached
64.(2021•南开中学一模•单项填空•T12)WeshouldimproveourabilitytoengageininternationalcommunicationsoastotellChina’sstorywellandmakethevoiceofChina______.A.hearingB.heardC.havingheardD.tohear5.(2021•塘沽一中一模•单项填空•T5)Thisarticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,each______onemajorpointincontrastwiththeother.A.makesB.madeC.makingD.istomake6.(2021•塘沽一中一模•单项填空•T6)---Whysoserious,dear?---NothingIamjustthinkingabouttheproblem_______tomorrow.A.discussedB.willbediscussedC.tobediscussedD.beingdiscussed7.(2021•天津滨海七校联考•单项填空•T2)_________inAvebury,England,themonumentissolargethatitcanonlybeseenfromthesky.A.LocatedB.LocatingC.BeinglocatedD.Tolocate8.(2021•天津滨海七校联考•单项填空•T7)Theproblems_________atthemeetingtomorrowarereallyhardtosolve.A.tobediscussedB.discussedC.beingdiscussedD.todiscuss9.(2021•天津大港一中三模•单项填空•T8)Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,________theoldtownintoadreamland.AturnB.turningC.toturnD.turned10.(2021•天津大港一中三模•单项填空•T10)__________fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.A.ToworkB.WorkedC.TobeworkingD.Havingworked11.(2021•天津市八校期中模拟•单项填空•T7)WhenTomgothomehesawanoteonthetable_______thatdon’tbediscouraged,everythingwillturnoutwellsoon.A.readingB.readsC.toreadD.read12.(2021•天津市八校期中模拟•单项填空•T13)
7_________onSeptember25,2020,Leap,whichfocusesonthestoryofChineseWomenVolleyballTeam,soonbecameagreathit.A.ReleasingB.BeingreleasedC.ToreleaseD.Released13.(2021•天津市八校期中模拟•单项填空•T4)Variousmeasuresarebeingtakensuchasthestreet-stallandsmall-storeeconomy______domesticdemand.A.expandedB.tobeexpandingC.expandingD.toexpand14.(2021•天津市八校期中模拟•单项填空•T6)______byheroesinharm’sway,manystudentschosetostudymedicineatcollege.A.InspiringB.BeinginspiredC.InspiredD.Havinginspired15.(2021•天津市部分区期中模拟•单项填空•T12)Theplayers________fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.A.selectingB.toselectC.selectedD.havingselected16.(2021•兰州市三诊•短文改错)ItookheradviceandconcentratedonmystudywhenIdidn'tneedgotoclubs.17.(2021•江南十校一模•短文改错)Facedsuchagreatopportunity,webothfeltexcited.18.(2021•黄山市二模•短文改错)Iusedtobeapersonwhohatedexercising.ButafterIstartedplayingbaseball,Ibecameattractingtothesport.19.(2021•淮南市一模•短文改错)Second,iftimepermits,itdoesthemgoodtotakethemtotravel.Travelingisagoodwayforthemtogetrelaxedandenjoyedthebeautifulsceneryoutdoors.20.(2021•合肥市二模•短文改错)Whenwearrived,mycousinMaomaograbbedmyarmatonce,invitingmecollectsnowwithourgrandpa.21.(2021•合肥市二模•短文改错)Afterawhile,intheyardweresomesnowmen,alllookfunny.
8、1.(2020·新课标II卷语法填空)Theymakegreatgifsandyouseethemmanytimes65.(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.2.(2020·山东新高考语法填空)Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimaginethemselves(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor43.(walk)througharainforest.3.【2018·天津】7.IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotographs___________.A.takingB.takenC.beingtakenD.take