北京故宫英文导游词

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同程社区（club.toonedu.com）专业的教育培训互动交流平台FORBIDDENCITY(紫禁城)(Infrontofthemeridiangate)LadiesandGentlemen:Iampleasedtoserveasyourguidetoday.Thisisthepalacemuseum;alsoknowasthePurpleForbiddenCity.ItisthelargestandmostwellreservedimperialresidenceinChinatoday.UnderMingEmperorYongle,constructionbeganin1406.Ittook14yearstobuildtheForbiddenCity.ThefirstrulerwhoactuallylivedherewasMingEmperorZhudi.Forfivecenturiesthereafter,itcontinuedtobetheresidenceof23successiveemperorsuntil1911whenQingEmperorPuyiwasforcedtoabdicatethethrone.In1987,theUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganizationrecognizedtheForbiddenCitywasaworldculturallegacy.ItisbelievedthatthePalaceMuseum,orZiJinCheng(PurpleForbiddenCity),gotitsnamefromastronomyfolklore,TheancientastronomersdividedtheconstellationsintogroupsandcenteredthemaroundtheZiweiYuan(NorthStar).TheconstellationcontainingtheNorthStarwascalledtheConstellationofHeavenlyGodandstaritselfwascalledthepurplepalace.Becausetheemperorwassupposedlythesonoftheheavenlygods,hiscentralanddominantpositionwouldbefurtherhighlightedtheuseofthewordpurpleinthenameofhisresidence.Infolklore,theterm”aneasternpurplecloudisdrifting”becameametaphorforauspiciouseventsafterapurplecloudwasseendriftingeastwardimmediatelybeforethearrivalofanancientphilosopher,LaoZi,totheHanghuPass.Here,purpleisassociatedwithauspiciousdevelopments.Thewordjin(forbidden)isself-explanatoryastheimperialpalacewasheavilyguardedandoff-explanatoryastheimperialpalacewasheavilyguardedandoff-limitstoordinarypeople.Theredandyellowusedonthepalacewallsandroofsarealsosymbolic.Redrepresentshappiness,goodfortuneandwealth.YellowisthecoloroftheearthontheLoessPlateau,theoriginalhomeoftheChinesepeople.YellowbecameanimperialcolorduringtheTangdynasty,whenonlymembersoftheroyalfamilywereallowedtowearitanduseitintheirarchitecture.TheForbiddenCityisrectangularinshape.Itis960meterslongfromnorthtosouthand750meterwidefromeastwest.Ithas9,900roomsunderatotalroofarea150,000squaremeters.A52-meter-wide-moatencirclesa9.9-meter—highwallwhichenclosesthecomplex.Octagon—shapedturretsrestonthefourcornersofthewall.Therearefourentrancesintothecity:theMeridianGatetothesouth,theShenwuGate(GateofMilitaryProwess)tothenorth,andtheXihuaGate(GateofmilitaryProwess)tothenorth,andtheXihuaGate(WesternFloweryGate)tothewest,theDonghua(EasternFloweryGate)totheeast.ManpowerandmaterialsthroughoutthecountrywereusedtobuildtheForbiddenCity.Atotalof230,000artisansandonemillionlaborerswereemployed.MarblewasquarriedfromfangshanCountryMountPaninJixianCountyinHebeiProvince.GranitewasquarriedinQuyangCountyinHebeiProvince.PavingblockswerefiredinkilnsinSuzhouinsouthernChina.BricksandscarletpigmentationusedonthepalatialwallscamefromlinqinginShandongProvince.Timberwascut,processedandhauledfromthenorthwesternandsouthernregions.更多资料来同程社区下载（http://club.toonedu.com）同程教育：今同程，为明天！ 同程社区（club.toonedu.com）专业的教育培训互动交流平台ThestructureinfrontofusistheMeridianGate.ItisthemainentrancetotheforbiddenCity.ItisalsoknowsasWufenglou(Five-PhoenixTower).Mingemperorsheldlavishbanquetshereonthe15thdayofthefirstmonthoftheChineselunaryearinhornoroftheircounties.Theyalsousedthisplaceforpunishingofficalsbyfloggingthemwithsticks.Qingemperorsusedthisbuildingtoannouncethebeginningofthenewyear.QingEmperorQianglongchangedtheoriginalnameofthisannouncementceremonyfrombanli(announcementofcalendar)tobanshou(announcementofnewmoon)toavoidcoincidentalassociationwithanotherEmperor`sname,Hongli,whichwasconsideredatabooatthattime.QingDynastyemperorsalsousedthisplacetoholdaudienceandforotherimportantceremonies.Forexample,whentheimperialarmyreturnedvictoriouslyfromthebattlefield,itwasherethattheEmperorpresidedovertheceremonytoacceptprisonersofwar.(AfterenteringtheMeridianGateandstandinginfrontoftheFiveMarbleBridgesonGoldenWaterRiver)nowweareinsidetheForbiddenCity.Beforewestartourtour,Iwouldliketobrieflyintroduceyoutothearchitecturalpatternsbefourus.Tocompletethissolemn,magnificentandpalatialcomplex,avarietyofbuildingswerearrangedonanorth-southaxis,and8-kilometer-longinvisiblelinethathasbecomeaninseparablepartoftheCityofBeijing.TheForbiddenCitycoversroughlyone–thirdofthiscentralaxis.MostoftheimportantbuildingintheForbiddenCitywereearrangedalongthisline.Thedesignandarrangementofthepalacesreflectthesolemndignityoftheroyalcourtandrigidly–stratifiedfeudalsystem.TheForbiddenCityisdividedintoanouterandaninnercount.Wearenowstandingonthesouthernmostpartoftheoutercount.InfrontofusliestheGateofsupremeHarmony.Thegateisguardedbyapairofbronzelions,symbolizingimperialpoweranddignity.Thelionswerethemostexquisiteandbiggestofitskind.Theoneontheeastplayingwithaballisamale,andballissaidtorepresentstateunity.Theotheroneisafemale.Underneathoneofitsforeclawsisacubthatisconsideredtobeasymbolofperpetualimperialsuccession.ThewindingbrookbeforeusistheGoldenWaterRiver.Itfunctionsbothasdecorationandfirecontrol.ThefivebridgesspanningtheriverrepresentthefivevirtuespreachedbyConfucius:benevolence,righteousness,rites,intellenceandfidelity.Therivertakestheshapeofabowandthenorth-southaxisisitsarrow.ThiswasmeanttoshowthattheEmperorsruledthecountryonbehalfofGod.(InfrontoftheGateofSupremeHarmony)TheForbiddenCityconsistsofanoutercountyardandaninnerenclosure.TheoutcountyardcoversavastspacelyingbetweentheMeridianGateandtheGateofHeavenlyPurity.The“threebighalls”ofSupremeHarmony,CompleteHarmonyandPreservingHarmonyconstitutethecenterofthisbuildinggroup.Flankingtheminbilateralsymmetryare更多资料来同程社区下载（http://club.toonedu.com）同程教育：今同程，为明天！ 同程社区（club.toonedu.com）专业的教育培训互动交流平台twogroupsofpalaces:Wenhua(ProminentScholars)andWuying(BraveWarriors).Thethreegreathallsarebuiltonaspacious“H”-shaped,8-meter-high,triplemarbleterrace,Eachlevelofthetripleterraceistallerthantheonbelowandallareencircledbymarblebalustradescarvedwithdragonandphoenixdesigns.Therearethreecarvedstonestaircaseslinkingthethreearchitectures.ThehallofsupremeHarmonyisalsothetallestandmostexquisiteancientwooden-structuredmansioninallofChina.FromthepalaceofHeavenlyPurithnorthwardiswhatisknownastheinnercourt,whichisalsobuiltinbilaterallysymmetricalpatterns.InthecenterarethePalaceofHeavenlyPurity,theHallofUnionandPeaceandPalaceofEarthlyTranquility,aplacewheretheEmperorslivedwiththeirfamiliesandattendedtostateaffairs.Flankingthesestructuresarepalacesandhallsinwhichconcubinesandprinceslived.Therearealsothreebotanicalgardenswithintheinnercount,namely,theimperialGarden,CaninggardenandQuailinggarden.AninnerGoldenWaterRiverflowseastwardlywithintheinnercourt.ThebrookwindsthroughthreeminorhallsorpalacesandleadsoutoftheForbiddenCity.ItisspannedbytheWhiteJadeBridge.Theriverislinedwithwinding,marble–carvedbalustrades.MostofthestructureswithintheForbiddenCityhaveyellowglazedtileroofs.Asidefromgivingprominencetothenorth-southaxis,otherarchitecturalmethodswereappliedtomakeeverygroupofpalatialstructuresuniqueintermsofterraces,roofs,mythicalmonstersperchingontheroofsandcolored,drawingpatterns.Withthese,thegrandcontouranddifferenthierarchicspectrumofthecomplexwerestrengthened.Folklorehasitthattherearealtogether9,999room-unitsintheForbiddenCity.SinceParadiseonlyhas10,000rooms,theSonofHeavenonearthcutthenumberbyhalfaroom.Itisalsorumouredthatthishalf–roomislocatedtothewestoftheWenyuangePavilion(imperiallibrary).Asamatteroffact,althoughtheForbiddenCityhasmorethan9,000room-units,thishalf-roomisnonexistent.TheWenyuangePavilionisalibrarywhere“SiKuQuanShu”-China`sfirstcomprehensiveanthology-wasstored.(AfterwalkingpasttheGateofSupremeHarmony)LadiesandGentlemen,thegreathallweareapproachingistheHallofSupremeHarmony,thebiggestandtallestofitskingintheForbiddenCity.Thisstructurecoversatotalbuildingspaceof2,377squaremeters,andisknowforitsupturned,multiplecounterparteaves.TheHallofSupremeHarmonysitsonatriple“H”-shapedmarbleterracetheis8metershighandlinkedbystaircases.Thestaircaseonthegroundfloorhas21stepswhilethemiddleandupperstairwayseachhave9.TheconstructionoftheHallofSupremeHarmonybeganin1406.Itburneddownthreetimesandwasseverelydamagedonceduringamutiny.TheexistingarchitecturewasbuiltduringtheQingDynasty.Onthecornersoftheeavesalineofanimal-nailswereusuallyfastenedtothetiles.Theseanimal-nailswerelaterreplacewithmythicalanimalstowardoffevilspirits.Therearealtogether9suchfastenersontopofthishall.Thenumberninewasregardedbytheancientstobethelargestnumeralaccessibletomanandtowhichonlytheemperorswereentitled.Therewasatotalof24successiveemperorsduringtheMingandQingdynastieswhowereenthronedhere.Theballwasalsousedforceremonieswhichmarkedothergreat更多资料来同程社区下载（http://club.toonedu.com）同程教育：今同程，为明天！ 同程社区（club.toonedu.com）专业的教育培训互动交流平台occasions:theWinterSolstice,TheChineseLunarNewYear,theEmperor`sbirthday,conferralofthetitleofempress,theannouncementofnewlawsandpolicies,anddispatchesofgeneralstowar.Onsuchoccasions,theEmperorwouldholdaudienceforhiscourtofficialsandreceivetheirtributes.ThisareaiscalledtheHallofSupremeHarmonySquare,whichcoversatotalof30,000squaremeters,Withoutasingletreeorplantgrowinghere,thisplaceinspiresvisitorstofeelitssolemnityandgrandeur.InthemiddleofthesquarethereisacarriagewaythatwasreservedfortheEmperor.Onbothsidesoftheroadthegroudbrickswerelaidinaspecialwaysevenlayerslengthwiseandeightlayerscrosswise,makingupfifteenlayersinall.Thepurposeofthiswastopreventanyonefromtunnelinghiswayintothepalace.Inthecountyardthereareironvatsforstoringwatertofightfires.Inthewholecomplextherearealtogher308watervats.Inwintertime,charcoalwasburnedunderneaththevatstokeepthewaterfromfreezing.Whysovastasquare?Itwasdesignedtoimpresspeoplewiththehall`sgrandeurandvastness.Imaginethefollowingscene.Undertheclearbluesky,theyellowglazedtilesshimmeredasthecloud-likelayersofterrace,coupledwiththecurlingveilofburningincense,transformedthehallofsupremeHarmonyintoafairyland.Whenevermajorceremonieswereheld,theglazed,crane-shapedcandleholdersinsidethehallwouldbeit,andincenseandpinebranchesburntinfrontofthehall.WhentheEmperorappeared,drumswerebeatenandmusicalinstrumentplayed.Civilianofficialsandgeneralswouldkneelknowinsubmission.ThelastQingemperorPuyiassumedthethronein1908,attheageofthree,Hisfathercarriedhimtothethrone.Atthestartofthecoronation,thesuddendrum-beatingandloudmusiccaughttheyoungemperorunprepared.Hewassoscaredthathekeptcryingandshouting,”Idon’twanttostayhere.Iwanttogohome.”Hisfathertriedtosoothehim,saying,”It`allsoonbefinished.It`allsoonbefinished”Theministerspresentattheeventconsideredthisincidentinauspicious.Coincidentally,theQingdynastycollapsedthreeyearslaterandtherewithconcludedChina`sfeudalsystemthathadlastedformorethan2,000years.(OnthestoneterraceoftheHallofSupremeHarmony)Thisisabronzeincenseburner.Initincensemadeofsandalwoodwouldbeburntonimportantoccasions.Therearealtogether18incenseburners,representingalloftheprovincesundertheruleoftheSingmonarchs.OneithersideoftheHall,4bronzewater-filledvatswereplacedincaseoffire.Nexttotheterraceoneitherside,thereisabronzecraneandtortoise,symbolsoflongevity.Thiscopper-castgrainmeasureiscalled”jialiang.”ItservedasthenationalstandardduringtheQingdynasty.Itwasmeanttoshowthattheimperialrulerwerejustandopentorectification.Ontheothersidethereisastonesundial,anancienttimepiece.ThejialiangandthesundialwereprobablymeanttoshowwhattheEmperorrepresented:thathewastheonlypersonwhoshouldpossessthestandardsofbothmeasureandtime.IntheveryforefrontoftheHallofSupremeHarmony,thereare12scarlet,round更多资料来同程社区下载（http://club.toonedu.com）同程教育：今同程，为明天！ 同程社区（club.toonedu.com）专业的教育培训互动交流平台pillarssupportingtheroof.Thehallis63metersfromeasttowestand37metersfromnorthtosouth,Itis35metersinheight.Infrontofthisarchitechture,therestandsatripleterracewithfivestaircasesleadinguptothemainentrance.Ithas40golddoorsand16gold-keywindowswithcoloreddrawingsonthepillarsandbeams.Inthemiddleofthehall,athrounecarvedwith9dragonssitsona2-meter-highplatform.Behindthethronethereisagoldenscreenandinfrontofit,thereisaimperialdesk.Theflanksaredecoratedwithelephants,Luduan(alegendarybeast),cranes,andincensebarrels.Theelephantcarriesavaseonitsbackthatholdsfivecereals(i.e.rice,twokindsofmillet,wheatandbeans),whichwasconsideredasymbolofprosperity.Asancientlegendhasitthatluduancantravel18,000li(9,000kilometers)inonedayandknowsalllanguagesanddialects.Onlytoawiseadjustmonarchwillthisbeastbeaguardian.TheHallofSupremeHarmonyisalsopopularlyknownasJinluanDian(goldbellhallorthethronehall).Thefloorofthehallislaidwithbricksthatturnitintoasmooth,finesurfaceasifwaterhasbeensprinkledonit.Theso-calledgoldenbrick,infact,hasnothingtodowithgold.Reservedexclusivelyfortheconstructionoftheroyalcourt,itwasmadeinasecretive,andcomplexway,and,whenstruck,soundsliketheclinkofagoldbar.Eachbrickwasworththemarketpriceofonedan(oronehectoliter)ofrice.Thehallissupportedbyatotalof72thickpillars.Ofthese,6arecarvedindragonpatternsandpaintedwithgoldandsurroundthethrone.Abovetheverycenterofthishallthereisazaojing,orcoveredceiling,whichisoneoftheSpecialitiesofChina`sancientarchiture.Inthemiddleoftheceilingisadesignofadragonplayingwithaballinlaidwithpeals.Thiscopperball,hollowinsideandcoveredwithmercury,isknownastheXuanyuanMirrorandisthoughttobemadeXuanyuan,alegendarymonarchdatingbacktoremoteantiquity.TheplacingofthecaissonabovethethroneismeanttosuggestthatallofChina`ssuccessiveemperorsareZuanyuan`sdescendantsandhereditaryheirs.NowyoumighthavenoticedthattheXuanyuanmirrorisnotdirectlyabovethethrone.Why?ItisrumoredthatYuanShikai,aself-acclaimedwarlord-turnedemperormovedthethronefurtherbackbecausehewasafraidthatthemirrormightfallonhim.In1916whenYuanShikaibecameemperor,heremovedtheoriginalthronewithaWestern-style,high-backchair.AfterthefoundationofthePeople`sRepublicofChinain1949thethronewasfoundinashabbyfurniturewarehouse.Itrepairedandreturnedtothehall.(Leadingthetouristtothebronzevatseitherontheeastorthewest)Thewatervatsinfrontofthepalacesorhousewerecalled“menhai,”orseabeforethedoorbytheancientChinese.Theybelievedthatwithaseabythedoor,firecouldnotwreakhavoc.Thevatsservedbothasadecorationandasafireextinguisher.Theywerekeptfullofwaterallyearround.DuringtheQingDynasty,theywerealtogether308vatsinthepalaceenclosure.Theyweremadeofgiltbronzeoriron.Ofcouse,thegiltbronzevatswereofthebestquality.Whenthealliedforces(Britain,Germany,France,Russia,theUnitedStates,Italy,Japan更多资料来同程社区下载（http://club.toonedu.com）同程教育：今同程，为明天！ 同程社区（club.toonedu.com）专业的教育培训互动交流平台andAustria)invadedBeijingin1900underthepretextofsuppressingtheBoxerRebellion,theinvadersransackedtheimperialcompoundandscrapedandgoldoffthevatswiththeirbayonets.DuringtheJapaneseoccupationofBeijing,manyvatsweretruckedawaybytheJapanesetobemadeintobullets.(InfrontoftheHallofCompleteHarmony)ThesquarearchitecturebeforeusiscalledtheHallofCompleteHarmony.Itservedasanantechamber.TheEmperorcameheretomeetwithhiscountiersandaddhisfinaltouchestotheprayerswhichwouldbereadattheancestralTemple.Theseeds,snowersandprayerintendedforspringsowingwerealsoexaminedhere.ThetwoQingsedanchairshereondisplaywereusedfortravelingwithinthepalaceduringthereignofEmperorQianlong.(InfrontofthehallfPreservingHarmony)thisistheHallofPreservingHarmony.DuringtheQingDynasty,banquetswereheldhereonNewYear`seveinhonourofMongolianandNorthwesternChina`sxingjiangprincesandrankingofficials.TheEmperoralsodinnedherewithhisnewson-in-lawontheweddingday.Imperialexaminationswerealsoheldhereonceeverythreeyears.DuringtheMingandQingdynasties,therewerethreelevelsofexams:thecountyandprefecturallevel,theprovinciallevelandnationallevel.Thenationalexamwaspresidedoverbytheemperor.ThecivilserviceexaminancientChinastartedduringtheHanDynasty.ItservedthepurposeofrecruitingConfucianscholarstotheministersandhighofficials.DuringtheTangandQingdynastiesreinstitutedandancientsystem.Onceeverythreeyears,threehundredscholarsfromalloverthecountrycametoBeijingandtookexamsforthreedayandnight.Thissystemwasabolishedin1905.(Behindthehallofpreservingharmony)thisisthelargeststonecarvinginthepalace.Itis16.73meterslong,3.07meterswideand1.7metersthick.Itweighsabout200tons.TheblockwasquarriedinFangshanCounty,roughly70kilometersaway.TotransportsuchahugeblocktoBeijing,laborersdugwellsalongtheroadsidehalfakilometerapart,andusedthegroundwatertomakearoadoficeinthewinter.Rollingblockswereusedinthesummer.In1760,EmperorQianlongoftheQingDynastyorderedthecarvingoftheexistingcloudanddragondesigninplaceoftheoldonewhichdatedbacktotheMingDynasty.Note:Fromhere,thetourcanbeconductedviathreedifferentroutes:awesternroute(RouteA),acentralroute(RouteB)oraneasternroute(RouteC).Thecommentaryforeachfollows.RouteALadiesandGentlemen:YouhaveseenthethreemainhallsoftheForbiddenCity.NowI`dliketoshowyouaroundthehallofmentalcultivationandtheimperialgarden.ThehallofmentalcultivationissituatedisinthewesternpartoftheinnermostenclosureandissymmetricaltoFengxian(enshrinementofforebears)Hallintheeast.ThishallwasbuiltduringtheMingDynasty.ITisaH-shapedstructureconsistingofanantechamberandamainbuilding.Thehallissurroundedbycorridors.InfrontofthehallistheOffice更多资料来同程社区下载（http://club.toonedu.com）同程教育：今同程，为明天！ 同程社区（club.toonedu.com）专业的教育培训互动交流平台ofPrivyCouncil.BeforeEmperorKangxiofQingtheDynastycametopowertheHallofHeavenlyPurityservedasthelivingquarteroftheemperors.EmperorYongzhengchosetoliveinthishallandattendedtoeverydaystateaffairsfromhere.Forthesakeofprotectingculturalrelics,thishallisnotopentothepublic.Youcanhavealookattheinsidefromthedoor.Thecentralhallwastheaudiencechamberwheretheemperorreadmemorials,grantedaudiencetoofficialsandsummonedhisminstersforconsultation.Thewesternchamberofthehallwaswheretheemperorreadreportsanddiscussedmilitaryandpoliticalaffairs.ThehallconsistsofmanyinnerroomsandisdecoratedwithimagesofBuddhaandminiaturepagodas.OnthescreenwalltherehangsapictureoftwoemperorsintheHancostume.Inasouthernroomtherethreerarecalligraphicscrolls,hencethenameoftheroom“Sanxitang”(RoomofThreeRareTreasures).TheroomontheeasternsideisofhistoricalinterstbecauseitwasherethatEmpressDowagerCixiusurpedpowerandmadedecisionsonbehalfoftheyoungemperor.Abamboocurtainwasusedtoseparatethem.EmpressDowageCixiwasbornin1835inLu`anPrefectureofshanxiprovince.She`sofManchuriannationalityandherfatherwasaprovincialgovernorfromsouthChina.Whenshewas17yearsold,shewasselectedtobecomeaconcubineofEmperorXianfengandmovedintotheForbiddenCity.Shegavebirthtoasonwhenshewas21yearsoldandwasmadeaconcubinethefollowingyear.Whentheemperorpassedawayinthesummerof1861,hersonascendedthethroneandtitleofCixi,meaning“HolyMother”wasconferreduponherandshebecametheEmpressDowager.InthatsameyearEmpressDowagerCixicarriedoutacountcoupd`etatandruledbehindthesceneswithanotherempressdowager,Ci`an,for48years.Shepassedawayin1908attheageof73.Itwasinreferencetothissituationthattheterm“attendingtostateaffairsbehindabamboocurtain”developed.In1912,EmpressdowagerLongyudeclaredtheabdicationofthelastQingemperorPuyi.TheywereallowedtoremainintheForbiddenCityforthenext13years.Theroyalfamilywasforcedtomoveoutpermanentlyin1924.Behindthecentralhallwerethelivingaccommodationof8successiveQingemperors.Threeofthemactuallypassedawayhere.Thesideroomsflankingthehallwerereservedforempressesandconcubines.Nowlet`scontinuewithourtour.ItwilltakeustotheHallofheavenlypurity,thehallofunionandpeace,thepalaceofearthlytranquility,andtheimperialgarden.RouteB(InsidetheHallofheavenlyPurity)LadiesandGentlemen:Wearenowenteringtheinnercourt.FromtheGateofHeavenlyPuritynorthwardliestheinnercourtwheretheemperorsandempressesoncelived.TheHallofheavenlyPurityisthecentralhalloftheinnercourt,andwascompletedduringtheReignofEmperorYongleoftheMingDynasty.Thereare10pillarssupportingtheentirestructureandthehallis20metersinheight.Inthecenterofthehallthereathrone.Aboveithangsaplaquewithaninscriptionthatreads“Beopenandabove-board,”writtenbyShenzhi,the更多资料来同程社区下载（http://club.toonedu.com）同程教育：今同程，为明天！ 同程社区（club.toonedu.com）专业的教育培训互动交流平台firstemperoroftheQingDynasty.BeginningwithQianlong`sreign,thenameofthesuccessortothethronewasnotpubliclyannounced.instead,itwaswrittenontwopiecesofpaper,onetobekeptontheemperor`spersonthroughouthisreign,andtheotherplacedinasmallstrongboxthatwasstoredbehindhisplaque.Theboxwasopenedonlyaftertheemperorpassedaway.Altogethertherewhere4emperorswhoascendedthethroneinthisway,namelyQianlong,Jiaqing,DaohuangandXianfeng.ThehallofheavenlypuritywaswheretheemperorslivedduringtheMingandQingdynasties.Accordingtotradition,extravagantannualbanquetswereheldhereonNewYear`sEveinhonourofroyalfamilymembers.Foreignambassadorswerereceivedhereduringthelate-Qingperiod.Twoimportant“onethousandoldmen`sfeasts”oftheQingDynastywerealsoheldhere.Alltheinviteeshadtobeatleast65yearsofage.Thishallwasalsousedformourningservices.(InsidethePalaceofUnionandPeace)thishallsitsbetweentheHallofheavenlyPurityandthePalaceofEarthlyTranquility,symbolizingtheunionofheavenandearth,aswellasnationalpeace.Itwasfirstbuiltin1420andreconstructedin1798.Thehallissquareinshape,andissmallerthantheHallofcompleteHarmony.YouwillseeaplaquehereinscribedwithtwoChinesecharacters,wuwei,whichwerehandwrittenbyEmperorQianglong.Athronesitsinthemiddleofthehallwithascreenbehindit.Abovethethronetherehangsacaisson,orcoveredceiling.Theemperorheldbirthdaycelebrationsandothermajoreventshere.In1748duringEmperorQianlong`sreign,25jadesealsrepresentingimperialauthoritywerekeptinthishall.Nosealswereallowedoutoftheroomwithoutthepriorconsentoftheemperor.Oneachflackthereisawaterclockandachimingclock.(Insidethepalaceofearthlytranquility)ThisusedtobethecentralhallwheresuccessiveMingempresseslived.DuringtheQingdynasty,itwasconvertedintoaplacewheresacrificesandweddingceremonieswereheld.Theroomonthewesternsidewasusedforsacrificesandtheroomontheeastwastheseedingchamber.LadiesandGentlemen:YouhaveseenthethreemainhallsoftheForbiddenCity.NowI`dliketoshowyouaroundscenesofinterestalongtheeasternroute.ThefirstistheTreasureHall.ThismansioniscalledtheHallofImperialZenith.ThisiswhereSingEmperorQuailinglivedafterabdication.Nearly1,000artifactsandtreasuresareondisplayhere,amongwhichtheGoldenHairTowerisoneofthemostfamous.Thistoweris1.53metersinheightanditsbaseis0.53metersincircumference.ItwasbuiltundertheorderofEmperorQuailingtobeusedtocollectfallenhairincommemorationofhismother.Thereisalsoa“DayharnessingWaterJadeHill”ondisplayhere.YuwasalegendarymonarchoftheremoteIxiadynasty.Underhisleadership,thepeoplelearnedhowtoharnesstheYellowRiver.Thisjadeassemblage,224centimetersinheightand5tonsinweight,isthelargestjadeartworkinChina.Thismatwaswovenwithpeeledivory.TheseartifactsareamongChina`sraresttreasures.(InfrontoftheNine-DragonScreen)thisistheNine-DragonReliefScreen.Erectedin1773,itis3.5metersinheightand更多资料来同程社区下载（http://club.toonedu.com）同程教育：今同程，为明天！ 同程社区（club.toonedu.com）专业的教育培训互动交流平台29.4metersinwidth.Underneathisafoundationmadeofmarble.Thesurfaceofthescreenislaidwithatotalof270colored,glazedtilesinthedesignof9dragons,somerockymountains,cloudsandthesea.ItwasmeanttowardoffevilspiritsTheancientChineseregarded9dragons,somerockymountains,cloudsandthesea.Itwasmeanttowardoffevilspirits.TheancientChineseregarded9asthelargestnumeralandthedragonasaauspiciousbeast.The9dragonsaredifferentincolorandpostureandallaremadeofglazedtiles.Interestinglyapieceofthethirddragonfromtheleftismadeofwood.ItisbelievethatwhentheNine-dragonScreenwasalmostfinished,apieceofglazedtilewasdamaged.EmperorQianlongwasscheduledtoinspecttheworkthefollowingday.Usingquickwits,thecraftsmaninquestionmoldedthemissingpiecewithclayandsailedthroughtheimperialinspection.Later,heaskedacarpentertocarveawoodenonetoreplacetheonemadeofclay.(ApproachingtheImperialGarden)BehindthePalaceofEarthlyTranquilityandtradingthenorth-southaxisistheimperialGarden.Thereareoldtrees,rareflowersandexoticrockformationinthisgarden.Itcoveraspaceof11,700squaremeters,orroughly1.7percentoftheForbiddenCity.Mostofthestructuresinthegardenaresymmetricallyarranged.However,eachisdifferentintermsofparrernanddecoration.Woodsclumpsofbambooscreenoffthegardenandstrengthensitsdeepandsereneatmosphere.TheremainstructureoftheImperialGardenistheQin`anHall.Positionedinthecentral-northernpartofthegarden,thishallisflankedbyotherhallsandpavilionsontheeastandwest.Thehallsitsonamarblepedestal.TheTaoistdeityofZhenwuisenshrinedhereandemperorwouldpayhomagehereaquarterlybasis.TaoistriteswereheldduringthereignofEmperorJiajingoftheMingDynasty.Infrontofthehallthereisacypressthatis400yearsold.Inallthereareadozensuchraretreesinthegarden,andmostofthemarecypressesorpines.Tothenorthwestofthehall,thereistheYanhui(SustainingSunshine)PavilionandtothenortheastthereliestheDuixiu(AccumulatedRefinement)Hill.ThisHillwasbuiltoverthefoundationofthelong-pershedGuanhua(AdmiringFlowers)HalloftheMingDynasty.Itis14metersinheightandmadeofalkindsofrocksquarriedinjiangsuprovince.Atitsbasestandtwonstonelions,eachcarryingadragonshootingwater10metersupintotheairfromitsmouth.Therearemeanderingpathsleadingtothehilltop.AtthetopofDuixiuHillsitstheYujing(ImperialViewing)Pavilion.Traditionally,OnthedayoftheDoubleNinthFestival(theninthdayoftheninthlunarmonth),theemperor,hisconsort,andhisconcubineswouldclimbuptoYujingPaviliontoenjoythescenery.AtthesoutheasterncorneroftheGardenisJiangxue(CrimsonSnowy)Verandah.NearbytothesouthwestliesYangxingStudy(studyofthecultivationofnature).TheyangxingstudywasusedasaroyallibraryduringthereignofEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynasty.ThelastemperoroftheQingDynasty,PuyioncestudiedEnglishthere.InfrontoftheJiangxueVerandahsomeChinesefloweringcrabapplesgrow.Thestructuregotitsnamefromthecrabappleswhoblossomstrunfromcrimsontosnowywhite.InfrontoftheVerandah,theregrowsarareflowerthatwasbroughtfromhennaProvinceundertheorderofEmpressdowagerCixi.InthenorthestisChizaoTang(Hall更多资料来同程社区下载（http://club.toonedu.com）同程教育：今同程，为明天！ 同程社区（club.toonedu.com）专业的教育培训互动交流平台ofUsingFloweryLanguage),onceusedasalibrarywhererarebookswerestored.Therearealsospecificpavilionssymbolizingthefourseasons.ThehallsofWanchunandQianqiu,representingspringandautumnrespectively,aresquareinshapeandarecoupledwithmultipleeavesandbell-shapeandarecoupledwithmultipleeavesandbell-shapedridges.ThehallsofChengruiandFubi,dedecatedtowinterandsummer,arecharacterizedbytwoverandahsandbridgesattheirbases.Pathswerepavedwithcolorfulpebblesandarrangedin900differentdesigns.TheImperialGardencanbeaccessedthroughtheQiongyuan(JadeGarden)Westgateortheqiongyuaneastgate.Athirdgate,theshunzhen(ObedienceandFidelity)Gate,openstothenorth.Itsdoorsarelaidinglazedtilesanditwasonlyusedbytheempressorconcubines.AsourtouroftheForbiddenCitydrawstoaclose,IhopethatIhavehelpedyouunderstandwhythePalaceisatreasureofChinaandoneoftheculturalrelicsoftheworld.ItisunderthestrictprotectionoftheChinesegovernment.Since1949whenthepeople`sRupublicofChinawasfounded,nearlyonetrillionRMBwasspentonitsrestorationandrefurbishment.TheForbiddenCityhasundergonefourmajorfaceliftstodate.Eachyear,thegovernmentearmarksalargesumtogather,sortandstudyculturalrelics.ThePalacenowcontainsatotalof930,000culturalrelics.Well,somuchfortoday.Let`sgotoreboardthecoach.Thankyou!TheendFeb.25th,2003CollectingandTypingbyforeverlydia更多资料来同程社区下载（http://club.toonedu.com）同程教育：今同程，为明天！