资源描述：
《encyclopedia of early cinema（part k）》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、EntriesA-Z507KKaeriyamaNorimasab.1893;d.1964critic,filmmaker,JapanEducatedinmechanicalengineering,Kaeriyama’scriticismofcontemporaryJapanesefilmsandhisideasonthetrue“photoplay,”publishedinKinemaRecordandKatsudoshashingekinososakutosatsueiho(TheProductionandPhotographyofMotionPictureDrama)(1917),m
2、adehimtheleaderofthePureFilmMovement.HiredbyTenkatsuin1917,KaeriyamafirstputhisideasintopracticedirectingSeinokagayaki[TheGlowofLife](releasedin1919),butwhilehisfilmsencouragedreformisttendencies,theywererarelysuccessful.After1924,heturnedtoworkingonfilmtechnology.AARONGEROWKalemFoundedin1907inNe
3、wYorkCitybyexperiencedmovingpicturebusinessmenGeorgeKleineofKleineOpticalandSamuelLongandFrankMarionfromBiograph,Kalem(namedfortheowners’lastinitials),wasanearlymemberoftheMotionPicturePatentsCompany.Thecompanywasknownforhighqualityproductions(oftenaccompaniedby“specialmusic”ormusicalscoresspecif
4、icallypreparedforthefilms),innovativeuseofstockcompaniesandon-locationshooting,andcontroversiessurroundingthefirstfilmedversionofBenHur(1907)andFromtheMangertotheCross(1912).Fromtheoutseteconomicnecessityaswellasaestheticdecisionsdictatedthealmostexclusiveuseofoutdoorfilming.Kalembecameoneofthefi
5、rstAmericancompaniestoregularlysenditsproductionunitsoutsidethecity;firsttolocationsinNewJerseyandConnecticut,thentoJacksonville(Florida)inordertotakeadvantageofpicturesquelocalesandweatherforyear-roundfilming.EventuallypermanentstudioswereestablishedinNewYork/NewJersey,Florida,andCalifornia.Thes
6、eyearsprovidedthetraininggroundfordirectorsSidneyOlcott,KeneanBuell,MarshallNeilan,andCarlyleBlackwellandactorsGeneGauntier(thefirst“KalemGirl”andamajorscreenwriter),AliceJoyce,RuthRoland,MaeMarsh,MiriamCooper,HelenHolmesandHelenGibson(starsofpopularserials),RobertVignola,JackEncyclopediaofearlyc
7、inema508Clarke,TomMoore,andLloydHamiltonandBudDuncan(starsofthe“HamandBud”comicseries).Thecompanyproducedsociallyconsciousstoryfilmsinhistoricallyaccuratesettingsaswellassensationalmelodramas(fromrailroadfilmstowestern
