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1、Encyclopediaofearlycinema578MM.PatheThisJapanesefilmcompany,establishedbyUmeyaShokichiin1906,hadnoconnectionwiththeFrenchcompanyofPathé-Frères,althoughUmeyaimportedandshowedmanyFrenchPathéfilmsasanexhibitorinMalaysiaandSingapore,andtheninJapan.Thefirstfilmproduc
2、edbyM.PathewasSogakyodaikaribanoakatsuki[SogaBrothers—DawnoftheHuntingField],releasedin1908.M.PatheconstructedastudioinTokyoin1909,whereitproducedbothnew-schoolandold-schoolfilms.HIROSHIKOMATSUMace,Fredb.1878;d.1917actor,director,USAAfterasuccessfulstagecareerin
3、musicalcomedy,MacejoinedMackSennett’sBiographunitin1911andthenbecameoneofthefoundingmembersoftheKeystoneFilmCompanythefollowingyear.Althoughheneverdevelopedaconsistentcomicpersona,MacewasthefirstofSennett’scomedianstoachievegreatpopularity,notedinparticularforhi
4、sBiographperformancesas“One-RoundO’Brien.”In1913,MacequitKeystonetoproducecomediesforHarryAitken’sMajesticlabel.Whentheseprovedunsuccessful,MacebrieflyreturnedtoKeystonein1915,beforedepartingyetagaininafailedattempttoresuscitatehisstagecareer.HisdeathinaNewYorkh
5、otelroomwasrecordedasaheartattack.ROBKINGMachin,Alfredb.1877;d.1929EntriesA-Z579filmmaker,France,Belgium,NetherlandsBasedonhisexperienceasaFrenchphotographer-reporter,Machinwashiredin1907toworkforPathé-Frères.In1908and1909,hefilmedalongtheNileRiverinAfrica,which
6、resultedinalmosttwentyfilmtitles.ThesewerefirstreleasedworldwidebyPathéasshorttraveloguessuchasChasseaumaraboutenabyssinie(1911)andthenputtogetherinlonger“documentaries”suchasCommeunelettrenousparvientdesgrandslacsdel’AfriqueCentrale(1911).Between1909and1914,Mac
7、hinproduceddozensoffilmsinBelgiumforLaBelgeCinema—forinstance,Mauditesoitlaguerre[CursedBeWar],1914—andinHollandforHollandscheFilm—forinstance,Hetvervloektegeld[ArsonatSea],1912.DuringWorldWarI,heshotnewsfootageattheFrenchfront.Inthe1920s,Machindirectedfifteendr
8、amaticfilmswithhisownproductioncompany,Niza.FurtherreadingdeKuyper,Eric(1995)AlfredMachin:Cinéaste,FilmMaker,Brussels:RoyalBelgianFilmArchive.Lacassin,Francis(2001)Al
