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1、Encyclopediaofearlycinema128CCabanne,W.Christyb.1888,StLouis;d.1950,Philadelphiaactor,director,USAW.ChristyCabanne(pronouncedCa-ban-ay)learnedhiscraftworkingwithD.W.Griffith.AfterahitchintheNavypriortogoingonstage,hejoinedtheBiographCompanyin1910,andremainedwithGriffiththroughhismovestot
2、heReliance,Majestic,andFineArtscompanies.Inthelate1910s,heconnectedwithMetro,andlaterworkedatnearlyeverystudioinalong,slowlydecliningcareerthatendedonpovertyrow.However,hewasabetterdirectorthanmanyofhislatercreditswouldseemtoindicate.ROBERTS.BIRCHARDcafés-concertsInFrance,upto1906,theate
3、rsdevotedexclusivelytomovingpictureswerefew.InParisandotherlargecities,movingpictureswerescreenedmostlyincafés-concertsandmusichalls.Duringthelasttwodecadesofthe19thcentury,cafés-concerts(caf’conc’)multipliedbothinthecenterofmajorcitiesandintheiroutlyingneighborhoods.Ashowatacafé-concert
4、wouldunfoldaccordingtospecificconventions.Theorchestraopenedwithstirringtunes.Mostoftheprogramwascomprisedofsingerswhowouldgenerallyperformtwosongseach;thesewereoftenrisqué,andtheirsubjectmatterwasfrequentlyrelatedtomilitarylife.Followingthesongs(althoughthiswasnotalwaysthecase),comicart
5、ists,acrobats,dialogists,ordancersperformedattractions.Afteranintermission,theshowusuallywouldendwithaone-actplay,oftenacomicvaudeville.Frenchmusichallsfollowedthetraditionofcafés-concerts,yettheirprogramsinvolvedmoreattractionsandfewersongs.Asvarietyrevuesbecamethefashion,theirplaceinth
6、eprogramgrewinimportance.In1900,LeNouvellistedesConcerts,CirquesetMusic-Hallsdefinedthecafé-concertasfollows:“Lights,music,andwomen,inausuallypackedtheater,onwhoseseatsyouEntriesA-Z129coulddigestyourdinner,entertainedbythescene,acigarinyourmouthandaglassinfrontofyou;aplacewherethespectat
7、ors’dailyworries,likethesmokefromtheircigars,vanishforanevening:that’swhattheCafé-concertis….”Movingpicturesdidnothaveasetplaceintheseprograms,buttheyfrequentlyoccurredinthemiddleorattheend.Severalfilmswereshownsoastoprovideaninterludeofabouttenminutes.Likeothernumbersint
