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1、Encyclopediaofearlycinema670NNalpas,Louisb.1884;d.1948distributor,producer,FranceBornintheGreekcommunityofSmyrna(Turkey),NalpasarrivedinParisin1909todealinfilmexportsforAGC.In1911,hebeganworkingforFilmd’ArtandbecameitsdirectorwhenCharlesDelacwasdrafte
2、din1914.HismostnotableproductionsincludedHenriPouctal’sAlsace(1916)andAbelGance’searlyfilms.AfterheleftFilmd’Artearlyin1918,NalpassettledinNiceandproducedRenéLeSomptier’sLaSultanedel’amour(1919)andtheSerpentincomicserieswithMarcelLévesque.DreamingofaH
3、ollywoodontheRiviera,hebuilttheVictorinestudiosin1919,withthefinancialbackingofSergeSandberg.Nalpasisbestknown,however,asheadofserialsproductionatCinéromansduringthe1920s.THIERRYLEFEBVRENapierkowska,Staciab.1886;d.1945dancer,actor,France,ItalyOriginal
4、lytrainedasadancer,Napierkowska(ReneClaireAngeleNapierkowski)performedatvariousParisianmusichalls,whereshewasnoticedbyAndréAntoine,theThéâtreLibredirectorwhohadjustfiredMataHari(whosoonenteredhistoryasaspy).AntoinehiredNapierkowskaforanarabesqueinAnth
5、ar,an“orientalist”productionthathadanamazingsuccess.MistinguettsawherperformanceandgotheraroleinFilmd’Art’sL’Empreinte[Imprint](1908).Napierkowska’sfilmrolestendedtoexploitherfameasadancer,asinAndréCapellani’sNotreDamedeParis(1911),LouisFeuillade’sLes
6、Vampires(1915),andGermaineDulac’sVenusVictrix(1918).DuringWorldWarI,however,sheactedinatleasttwentyItalianfilms.Agingandoverweight,herlastroleasAntineainJacquesFeyder’sL’Atlantide(1921)wasfarfromsuccessful.ANGELADALLEVACCHEEntriesA-Z671Natan,Bernard(p
7、reviouslyTanenzapf,Nathan,andNatan,Théodore)b.1886;d.1942,Auschwitz,Polandmanufacturer,producer,FranceIn1909,threeyearsafterarrivinginParisfromRomania,BernardNatanandtwoassociatesfoundedCiné-Actualités,asmallgeneralpartnershipcompanyinvolvedinavariety
8、ofmovingpicturework.InJanuary1911,hewassentencedtofourmonthsinprisonforan“outragetopublicdecency,”anincidentthatwastoserveasanexcuseforaviolentanti-Semiticcampaignagainsthiminthe1930s.In1913,hesetuptheRapid-FilmlaboratoryinParis;in1914,helaunc
