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1、EntriesA-Z709PPagano,BartolomeoorMacisteb.1878;d.1947actor,ItalyBornintheregionofLiguria,BartolomeoPaganowasworkinginthedocksofGenoa’sharborwhenGiovanniPastrone,impressedwithhismuscularphysiognomy,chosehimfortheleadingroleofMacisteinCabiria(1914),the
2、ground-breakingspectacularfilmwhichsoinfluencedD.W.GriffithinmakingIntolerance(1916).Aftersuchasuccessfulbeginning,Macistebecametheprotagonistofaseriesoffilms,fromMaciste(1915)andMacisteAlpino[MacisteintheMountains](1916)toMacisteall’Inferno[Macistei
3、nHell](1926),throughoutwhichheplayedagoodgiantwhoprotectsandhelpsthosewhoareweakordown-trodden,whilekeepinghimselfoutoftroubleandembodyingthebestpatrioticvalues.ANGELADALLEVACCHEPAGU/AKGTTheAllgemeineKinematographen-TheaterGesell-schaft(AKGT),founded
4、inFrankfurt/Mainin1906byPaulDavidson,ranthebiggestcinemachaininGermanyby1910.ProfitsfromitsUnion-Theater(U.T.),sitedinprimelocationsinBerlinandotherregionalindustrialcenters,allowedittoexpandintotheaterequipmentsupply,production,anddistributionundert
5、henewname,Projektions-AG“Union”(PAGU)in1910.Between1910and1912,whenAKTGwasliquidated,attendanceinU.T.cinemasrosefrom2.5millionto6million,proofofPAGU’ssuccessinwideningitsaudienceappealtoincludeuppermiddle-classtasteswithluxurytheaterdesignandfeaturef
6、ilms.In1913,PAGUmovedoperationstoBerlinandopenednewproductionfacilitiesinBerlin-Tempelhof,specificallytoproducefilmsstarringAstaNielsen,whichithaddistributedexclusivelysince1911.In1914,PAGUboughtVitascopeandhiredErnstLubitsch,eventuallyitsmostsuccess
7、fuldirector.THOMASELSAESSEREncyclopediaofearlycinema710paintingandthevisualartsThecomplexrelationshipofpaintingtoearlycinemacanbesummarizedunderthreemainheadings.First,andmostgenerally,paintingsservedasimportantsourcesforcostumes,setdesign,andtheover
8、allstyleofmanyhistoricalsubjects,astheyhadlongdoneinthetheater.Then,morespecifically,anumberofearlyfilmscanbeinterpretedas“realizations”ofwell-knownorgenericpaintings.Finally,athirdrelationshiparosefromthechangingrepresentationoftheartistasprotagonis
