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1、P•A•R•T•1ACHIEVINGTRANSPARENTSECURITYCHAPTER1LESSONSLEARNEDFROMSEPTEMBER11,2001,ANDOTHERBENCHMARKEVENTSBarbaraA.Nadel,FAIAPrincipal,BarbaraNadelArchitectForestHills,NewYorkThosewhocannotrememberthepastarecondemnedtorepeatit.GEORGESANTAYANA(1863–1952)Sp
2、anishphilosopherTheonlythingwehavetofearisfearitself-nameless,unrea-soning,unjustifiedterrorwhichparalyzesneededeffortstoconvertretreatintoadvance.FRANKLIND.ROOSEVELT(1882−1945)32ndU.S.President,duringhisfirstinauguralspeech,1933In1933,PresidentRooseve
3、lttoldtheworldthatonlybyconfrontingthebiggestchallengeshead-oncouldtheybedefeated.Yearslater,twenty-firstcenturyglobalcommunities,linkedelectronicallyandthroughairtravel,challengefreesocietiestoresistthreatstofreedomandattacksonpersonalsafety.Theevents
4、ofSeptember11,2001,changedthewayAmericansandglobalcitizensgoabouttheirdailyroutines,fromenteringanofficebuildingorattendingapopularsportingeventtovisitinganationallandmarkorarrivingatanairport.Increasedterroristthreatlevelshavefocusedgreaterattentionon
5、defeatingthesethreatshead-on,bysuccessfullyintegratingdesign,aesthetics,andpublicsafetythroughoutthebuiltenvironment.Buildingsecurityisbasedonidentifyingthreatsandvulnerabilitiesinordertodeterminethemostappropriatemethodsofprotectingpeople,buildings,as
6、sets,andongoingoperations.Theprimarygoalsofsecurityarepreventingormitigatingdamagefromterrorism,crime,anddisaster,sothatcom-munitiescanmaintaintheflowofcommerceandcontinuetherhythmofdailylife.Reconcilingtheserealitiesisoftendifficult.However,untilgloba
7、lterrorismandnaturaldisastersceasetoposethreatstofreesocietiesandthebuiltenvironment,buildingsecuritywillremainanimportantpublicconcern.SEPTEMBER11,2001Weshapeourbuildings;thereaftertheyshapeus.SIRWINSTONCHURCHILL(1874–1965)BRITISHLEADER1.31.4ACHIEVING
8、TRANSPARENTSECURITYOnthemorningofSeptember11,2001,fourhijackedairlinersondifferentflightpathscrashedintothreebuildings:theTwinTowersatNewYorkCity’sWorldTradeCenter(Fig.1.1)andthePentagoninWashington,D.C.(Figs.26.1to26.6).Thefourthplane,
