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ID:7265011
大小:6.84 MB
页数:20页
时间:2018-02-09
《18. rescuing human rights from proportionality-19. free speech as an inverted right and democratic persuasion》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、18RescuingHumanRightsfromProportionalityGuglielmoVerdirame*Proportionalityhasbecomeastapleofadjudicationonfundamentalrightsininter-nationalanddomesticcourts.Ithasbeenembracedbycivilandcommonlawjudgesalike,anddescribedasthe“principleofprinciples”andthe“ultimateruleof
2、law”.1Unsurprisingly,legalscholarsareturningtheirattentiontoit.Moststudiesofproportionalityhavebeendoctrinalbuteventheseapproachescan-notignorethephilosophicalfoundationsofproportionality.GeorgeLetsas’smainclaimisthatproportionality,asdevelopedbyinternationalandconst
3、itutionalcourtsand“understoodasdenotingegalitarianrightsagainstone’sgovernment”,2canbepartofamoraltheoryofhumanrights.Proportionality—heargues—neednottakeuswheremanyofus,himincluded,donotwishtobetaken:utilitarianism.Althoughheacknowledgesthattheapplicationofproportio
4、nalitybycourtshasattimesbeenutili-tarian,hethinkstheblamedoesnotliewiththeideaofproportionalityitself.Itistruethatnotinallcaseswhereproportionalitywasatleastnominallyappliedautilitarianapproachfollowed,butisthisenoughtoletproportionalityoffthe hook?IbeginwhereLetsasd
5、oes—withaclassificationofthedifferentusesofthetermproportionality,althoughmytaxonomydiffersfromLetsas’sinsomeimportantrespects.Ithenproceedtoaddressaquestionthatshouldbeattheheartofbothexplanatoryandnormativeaccountsofproportionality:whatisthejustificationforproporti
6、onalityinthedifferentcontextsinwhichitisapplied?Bylookingatdiffer-entusesofproportionalityinasystematicfashion,Ichallengetheideathatthereisanoverarchingcanonofproportionalitystretchingfromgeometrytoaestheticsofwhichlegalproportionalityisjustaninstantiation.Thenextque
7、stionIaddressiswhethertheapplicationofproportionalitytofundamentalrightscanbebasedonanythingotherthanaconsequentialistideaofrights.Letsasmaintainsthatwecanmakemoralsenseofproportionalityoutsideutilitarianism.3AlthoughLetsas’seffortshavemuchtobecommended,Iremainofthev
8、iewthatanapproachtohuman*King’sCollegeLondon.IamgratefultotheTempletonFoundationforsupportingaresearchinitia-tiveonthetheoryandprac
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