资源描述：
《16. specifying human rights-17. rescuing proportionality》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、16SpecifyingHuman RightsSaladinMeckled-GarciaHumanrightsaretypicallyidentifiedunderspecificheadings: therighttolife,tosecu-rityofperson,tofreedomofexpression,tofreedomfromslavery,todueprocess,andsoforth.Butbeyondthoseheadings,notoriously,thetroublestarts.Whatnormativecontenttherightshave
2、,whattheymean,fortheright-holderandforothersintermsofobligationsandburdens,isamatterofspecification.Onecouldtreatthisspecifica-tionasalegalquestion,theinterpretationoflegalprovisionsinstatutes,priordeci-sions,orpractices.Butthereisaquestioninmoralitythatshouldinfluencethatlegalspecificat
3、ion: whatisthemorallyjustifiedcontentofanyhumanright?Whatcanhold-ersofsuchrightslegitimatelyclaimfromothersand,correspondingly,whatmorallyjustifiedburdensdoesthisimplyforthoseothers?Oneschoolofthought,callitthedemocraticspecificationtradition,holdsthatatleastinpartthespecifiedmoralcon-te
4、ntofhumanrights,notjustthecontentoflegalrights,mustbewhatademocraticpoliticalcommunitydecidesittobe.Specifiedhumanrightsasmoralrights,then,arehybrids: inherentlymoralintheabstractbutinherentlypoliticalintheirspecification.1InwhatfollowsI challengethecogencyofthekeythesesofdemocraticspeci
5、fica-tionismonhumanrights,whichI taketobe two:(1)Weight-of-Intereststhesis:tojustifytheexistenceofamoralrightapersonmusthaveaninterestthatissufficientlyimportantsoastoimplyobligationsforotherstosecurethatinterest,andthatmeansinterestsmustbeweighedagainsteachothertoestablishtheirrelativei
6、mportance.(2)Specificationthesis:Whichinterestshavetherequisitedegreeofimportancetobecomehumanrightsbyimplyingobligationsforothersisaquestionthatmustbesettledbydemocraticdecisionmaking,wheretherelativeimportanceofdifferentinterests(andcorrespondingcostsandburdens)isweighed.Notallviewscom
7、mittedtothespecificationthesisareexplicitabouttheweight-of-intereststhesis.2However,thatthesisisnecessarytogivethespecificationthesisenoughstructuretoframeanargument.I willexplore,andchallenge, both.1S.Besson,‘HumanRightsandConstitutionalLaw:PatternsofMutualValidationandL
